WARNING: This product is for research use only, not for human or veterinary use.
Hodoodo CAT#: H329313
CAS#: 12192-57-3 (anhydrous)
Description: Aurothioglucose hydrate, also known as gold thioglucose and Solganal, is an inhibitor of the selenoenzyme glutathione peroxidase used to treat active rheumatoid arthritis and juvenile idiopathic arthritis.
Hodoodo Cat#: H329313
Name: Aurothioglucose hydrate
CAS#: 12192-57-3 (anhydrous)
Chemical Formula: C6H13AuO6S
Exact Mass: 0.00
Molecular Weight: 410.191
Elemental Analysis: C, 17.57; H, 3.19; Au, 48.02; O, 23.40; S, 7.82
Related CAS #: 12192-57-3 (anhydrous)
Synonym: Aurothioglucose; Solganal; SKF 10056; SKF-10056; SKF10056; gold thioglucose; Aurothioglucose hydrate.
IUPAC/Chemical Name: gold(I) (2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-thiolate
InChi Key: SGVIEHTYEMEDRR-DUMCKRSRSA-M
InChi Code: InChI=1S/C6H12O5S.Au.H2O/c7-1-2-3(8)4(9)5(10)6(12)11-2;;/h2-10,12H,1H2;;1H2/q;+1;/p-1/t2-,3-,4+,5-,6?;;/m1../s1
SMILES Code: O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)OC2[C@]1([H])[OH+][Au-]S2.[H]O[H]
Appearance: Solid powder
Purity: >98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)
Shipping Condition: Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.
Storage Condition: Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years).
Solubility: Soluble in DMSO
Shelf Life: >2 years if stored properly
Drug Formulation: This drug may be formulated in DMSO
Stock Solution Storage: 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks), or -20 C for long term (months).
HS Tariff Code: 2934.99.9001
More Info:
| Biological target: | |
| In vitro activity: | |
| In vivo activity: |
The following data is based on the product molecular weight 410.19 Batch specific molecular weights may vary from batch to batch due to the degree of hydration, which will affect the solvent volumes required to prepare stock solutions.
| Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 mM | 1.15 mL | 5.76 mL | 11.51 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.23 mL | 1.15 mL | 2.3 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.12 mL | 0.58 mL | 1.15 mL |
| 50 mM | 0.02 mL | 0.12 mL | 0.23 mL |
| Formulation protocol: | |
| In vitro protocol: | |
| In vivo protocol: |
1: DRACHMAN RH, TEPPERMAN J. Aurothioglucose obesity in the mouse. Yale J Biol Med. 1954 Apr;26(5):394-409. PMID: 13169910; PMCID: PMC2599545.
2: Dillard CJ, Hu ML, Tappel AL. Effect of aurothioglucose on glutathione and glutathione-metabolizing and related enzymes in rat liver and kidney. Chem Biol Interact. 1987;64(1-2):103-14. doi: 10.1016/0009-2797(87)90064-0. PMID: 3121194.
3: Lowthian PJ, Cleland LG, Vernon-Roberts B. Hepatotoxicity with aurothioglucose therapy. Arthritis Rheum. 1984 Feb;27(2):230-2. doi: 10.1002/art.1780270217. PMID: 6421293.
4: Smith AD, Guidry CA, Morris VC, Levander OA. Aurothioglucose inhibits murine thioredoxin reductase activity in vivo. J Nutr. 1999 Jan;129(1):194-8. doi: 10.1093/jn/129.1.194. PMID: 9915899.
5: Davis P. Auranofin. Clin Rheum Dis. 1984 Aug;10(2):369-83. PMID: 6239742.
6: Loddenkemper K, Buttgereit F. Chrysiasis [Chrysiasis]. Z Rheumatol. 2002 Apr;61(2):173-4. German. doi: 10.1007/s003930200026. PMID: 12056295.
7: Loddenkemper K, Buttgereit F. Chrysiasis [Chrysiasis]. Z Rheumatol. 2001 Oct;60(5):359-60. German. doi: 10.1007/s003930170036. PMID: 11759236.
8: van Riel PL, van de Putte LB, Gribnau FW, Macrae KD. Comparison of auranofin and aurothioglucose in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: a single blind study. Clin Rheumatol. 1984 Mar;3 Suppl 1:51-6. doi: 10.1007/BF03342622. PMID: 6432414.
9: Papp KA, Shear NH. Systemic gold therapy. Clin Dermatol. 1991 Oct- Dec;9(4):535-51. doi: 10.1016/0738-081x(91)90083-w. PMID: 1822410.
10: Møller-Madsen B, Mogensen SC, Danscher G. Ultrastructural localization of gold in macrophages and mast cells exposed to aurothioglucose. Exp Mol Pathol. 1984 Feb;40(1):148-54. doi: 10.1016/0014-4800(84)90072-8. PMID: 6420183.
11: McGirr EE, Browne CD, Champion GD, Day RO, Sambrook PN. Aurothioglucose in rheumatoid arthritis. Outcome of treatment in patients intolerant of sodium aurothiomalate. Med J Aust. 1984 Sep 15;141(6):349-51. PMID: 6438454.
12: van Riel PL, Reekers P, van de Putte LB, Gribnau FW. Association of HLA antigens, toxic reactions and therapeutic response to auranofin and aurothioglucose in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Tissue Antigens. 1983 Sep;22(3):194-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.1983.tb01191.x. PMID: 6415865.
13: McCain J, West TW, Vasey FB, McCluskey R. Intramuscular aurothioglucose (Solganal) leading to panniculitis. J Rheumatol. 1993 Sep;20(9):1632-3. PMID: 8164235.
14: van Roon EN, van de Laar MA, Janssen M, Kruijsen MW, Jansen TL, Brouwers JR. Parenteral gold preparations. Efficacy and safety of therapy after switching from aurothioglucose to aurothiomalate. J Rheumatol. 2005 Jun;32(6):1026-30. PMID: 15940762.
15: Du Y, Zhang H, Lu J, Holmgren A. Glutathione and glutaredoxin act as a backup of human thioredoxin reductase 1 to reduce thioredoxin 1 preventing cell death by aurothioglucose. J Biol Chem. 2012 Nov 2;287(45):38210-9. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M112.392225. Epub 2012 Sep 13. PMID: 22977247; PMCID: PMC3488090.
16: Gandin V, Fernandes AP. Metal- and Semimetal-Containing Inhibitors of Thioredoxin Reductase as Anticancer Agents. Molecules. 2015 Jul 14;20(7):12732-56. doi: 10.3390/molecules200712732. PMID: 26184149; PMCID: PMC6331895.
17: Bernhard GC. Auranofin therapy in rheumatoid arthritis. J Lab Clin Med. 1982 Aug;100(2):167-77. PMID: 6808066.
18: Morris RW, Cole DS, Horton J, Heuer MA, Pietrusko RG. Worldwide clinical experience with auranofin. Clin Rheumatol. 1984 Mar;3 Suppl 1:105-11. doi: 10.1007/BF03342628. PMID: 6432408.
19: Petersen J, Bendtzen K. Immunosuppressive actions of gold salts. Scand J Rheumatol Suppl. 1983;51:28-35. doi: 10.3109/03009748309095340. PMID: 6426050.
20: Machado UF, Shimizu Y, Saito M. Decreased glucose transporter (GLUT 4) content in insulin-sensitive tissues of obese aurothioglucose- and monosodium glutamate-treated mice. Horm Metab Res. 1993 Sep;25(9):462-5. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-1002149. PMID: 8225198.
