WARNING: This product is for research use only, not for human or veterinary use.
Hodoodo CAT#: H561163
CAS#: 1649-18-9
Description: Azaperone is a dopamine antagonist. Azaperone is used mainly as a tranquilizer in veterinary medicine.
Hodoodo Cat#: H561163
Name: Azaperone
CAS#: 1649-18-9
Chemical Formula: C19H22FN3O
Exact Mass: 327.17
Molecular Weight: 327.403
Elemental Analysis: C, 69.70; H, 6.77; F, 5.80; N, 12.83; O, 4.89
Synonym: Azaperone; Stresnil; Azaperon; Fluoperidol; Suicalm; Eucalmyl
IUPAC/Chemical Name: 1-(4-Fluorophenyl)-4-(4-pyridin-2-ylpiperazin-1-yl)butan-1-one
InChi Key: XTKDAFGWCDAMPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChi Code: InChI=1S/C19H22FN3O/c20-17-8-6-16(7-9-17)18(24)4-3-11-22-12-14-23(15-13-22)19-5-1-2-10-21-19/h1-2,5-10H,3-4,11-15H2
SMILES Code: O=C(C1=CC=C(F)C=C1)CCCN2CCN(C3=NC=CC=C3)CC2
Appearance: Solid powder
Purity: >98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)
Shipping Condition: Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.
Storage Condition: Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years).
Solubility: Soluble in DMSO
Shelf Life: >2 years if stored properly
Drug Formulation: This drug may be formulated in DMSO
Stock Solution Storage: 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks), or -20 C for long term (months).
HS Tariff Code: 2934.99.9001
More Info:
| Biological target: | |
| In vitro activity: | |
| In vivo activity: |
The following data is based on the product molecular weight 327.40 Batch specific molecular weights may vary from batch to batch due to the degree of hydration, which will affect the solvent volumes required to prepare stock solutions.
| Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 mM | 1.15 mL | 5.76 mL | 11.51 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.23 mL | 1.15 mL | 2.3 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.12 mL | 0.58 mL | 1.15 mL |
| 50 mM | 0.02 mL | 0.12 mL | 0.23 mL |
| Formulation protocol: | |
| In vitro protocol: | |
| In vivo protocol: |
1: Buss P, Miller M, Fuller A, Haw A, Thulson E, Olea-Popelka F, Meyer L. Effect of Azaperone on Induction Times in Etorphine-Immobilized White Rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum). J Wildl Dis. 2022 Jan 1;58(1):245-247. doi: 10.7589/JWD-D-21-00072. PMID: 34695196.
2: Lamglait B, Jalenques M, Brodeur V, Lair S. BUTORPHANOL, AZAPERONE, AND MEDETOMIDINE ANESTHESIA IN FREE-RANGING EASTERN MOOSE (ALCES AMERICANUS). J Zoo Wildl Med. 2021 Jun;52(2):715-720. doi: 10.1638/2020-0183. PMID: 34130416.
3: Roug A, Larsen R, Walden X, Hersey K, McMillan B, Caulkett N. PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF AZAPERONE AND MIDAZOLAM ON NETGUN-CAPTURED MULE DEER (ODOCOILEUS HEMIONUS). J Wildl Dis. 2022 Jan 1;58(1):168-182. doi: 10.7589/JWD-D-21-00014. PMID: 34818408.
4: Malinowski CM, Cameron AI, Burnside WM, West SE, Nunamaker EA. Butorphanol- Azaperone-Medetomidine for the Immobilization of Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta). J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci. 2019 May 1;58(3):346-355. doi: 10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-18-000088. Epub 2019 Apr 1. PMID: 30935442; PMCID: PMC6526489.
5: Vitali F, Kariuki EK, Mijele D, Kaitho T, Faustini M, Preziosi R, Gakuya F, Ravasio G. Etorphine-Azaperone Immobilisation for Translocation of Free-Ranging Masai Giraffes (Giraffa Camelopardalis Tippelskirchi): A Pilot Study. Animals (Basel). 2020 Feb 18;10(2):322. doi: 10.3390/ani10020322. PMID: 32085568; PMCID: PMC7070639.
6: Allsup FC, Hillidge CJ, Lees P, Serrano L. Azaperone-metomidate anaesthesia in the horse. Vet Rec. 1973 Nov 3;93(18):498. doi: 10.1136/vr.93.18.498. PMID: 4786114.
7: Allen SE, Van Wick P, Courtemanch AB, Cufaude T. Butorphanol, Azaperone, and Medetomidine for Chemical Immobilization in Free-Ranging Shiras (Alces alces shirasi) Moose: Ground and Helicopter Darting in Wyoming, USA. J Wildl Dis. 2023 Apr 1;59(2):359-362. doi: 10.7589/JWD-D-22-00072. PMID: 36989516.
8: Thomas LF, Nunez CM, Dittmar RO, Rech RR, Richison JJ, Lance WR, Cook WE. Safety and Efficacy of Nalbuphine, Medetomidine, and Azaperone for Immobilizing Aoudad (Ammotragus lervia). J Wildl Dis. 2022 Jul 1;58(3):636-640. doi: 10.7589/JWD-D-21-00120. PMID: 35417919.
9: Hector RC, Mama KR, Fisher MC, Green SA, Pasloske K, Wolfe LL. EVALUATION OF TWO MEDETOMIDINE-AZAPERONE-ALFAXALONE COMBINATIONS IN CAPTIVE ROCKY MOUNTAIN ELK (CERVUS ELAPHUS NELSONI). J Zoo Wildl Med. 2021 Jan;51(4):825-833. doi: 10.1638/2020-0028. PMID: 33480562.
10: Hansen CM, Beckmen KB. Butorphanol-Azaperone-Medetomidine for the Immobilization of Captive Caribou ( Rangifer tarandus granti) in Alaska, USA. J Wildl Dis. 2018 Jul;54(3):650-652. doi: 10.7589/2017-12-312. Epub 2018 Apr 19. PMID: 29671713.
11: Olson ME, Renchko P. Azaperone and azaperone-ketamine as a neuroleptic sedative and anesthetic in rats and mice. Lab Anim Sci. 1988 Jun;38(3):299-304. PMID: 3411917.
12: Doub EE, Thompson AT, Korns AL, Cleveland CA, Yabsley MJ, Ruder MG. Immobilization of Raccoons (Procyon lotor) with Nalbuphine, Medetomidine, and Azaperone. J Wildl Dis. 2023 May 8. doi: 10.7589/JWD-D-22-00159. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 37151190.
13: Schwarz T, Zięcik A, Murawski M, Nowicki J, Tuz R, Baker B, Bartlewski PM. The influence of azaperone treatment at weaning on reproductive function in sows: ovarian activity and endocrine profiles during the weaning-to-ovulation interval. Animal. 2018 Oct;12(10):2089-2097. doi: 10.1017/S1751731117003755. Epub 2018 Jan 24. PMID: 29362019.
14: Schwarz T, Nowicki J, Tuz R, Bartlewski PM. The influence of azaperone treatment at weaning on reproductive performance of sows: altering effects of season and parity. Animal. 2018 Feb;12(2):303-311. doi: 10.1017/S1751731117001641. Epub 2017 Jul 19. PMID: 28720157.
15: Semjonov A, Raath JP, Laubscher L, Orro T, Pfitzer S, Tiirats T, Rogers PS, Andrianov V. Evaluation of butorphanol-azaperone-medetomidine in captive cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) immobilization. Vet Anaesth Analg. 2019 Jan;46(1):90-95. doi: 10.1016/j.vaa.2018.09.038. Epub 2018 Sep 22. Erratum in: Vet Anaesth Analg. 2019 Jul;46(4):556. PMID: 30554889.
16: Grace JF, Miller MA, Raath JP, Laubscher LL, Buss PE, Zeiler GE. Immobilization of African buffaloes (Syncerus caffer) using etorphine-midazolam compared with etorphine-azaperone. Vet Anaesth Analg. 2021 Sep;48(5):734-744. doi: 10.1016/j.vaa.2021.03.018. Epub 2021 Jul 7. PMID: 34391667.
17: Lian M, Beckmen KB, Bentzen TW, Demma DJ, Arnemo JM. THIAFENTANIL-AZAPERONE- XYLAZINE AND CARFENTANIL-XYLAZINE IMMOBILIZATIONS OF FREE-RANGING CARIBOU (RANGIFER TARANDUS GRANTI) IN ALASKA, USA. J Wildl Dis. 2016 Apr 28;52(2):327-34. doi: 10.7589/2015-04-101. Epub 2016 Mar 11. PMID: 26967141.
18: Miller BF, Osborn DA, Lance WR, Howze MB, Warren RJ, Miller KV. Butorphanol- azaperone-medetomidine for immobilization of captive white-tailed deer. J Wildl Dis. 2009 Apr;45(2):457-67. doi: 10.7589/0090-3558-45.2.457. PMID: 19395755.
19: Milnes EL, Skelding AM, Larouche CB, Ferro A, Delnatte P, Dutton C, Anderson NE. A randomized clinical trial to compare ketamine-butorphanol-azaperone- medetomidine and detomidine-etorphine-acepromazine for anesthesia of captive Przewalski horses (Equus przewalskii). Am J Vet Res. 2022 May 8;83(6):ajvr.21.10.0165. doi: 10.2460/ajvr.21.10.0165. PMID: 35524961.
20: Heinonen ML, Raekallio MR, Oliviero C, Ahokas S, Peltoniemi OA. Comparison of azaperone-detomidine-butorphanol-ketamine and azaperone-tiletamine-zolazepam for anaesthesia in piglets. Vet Anaesth Analg. 2009 Mar;36(2):151-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-2995.2008.00443.x. PMID: 19239653.
