Betaine

    WARNING: This product is for research use only, not for human or veterinary use.

Hodoodo CAT#: H571391

CAS#: 107-43-7

Description: Betaine is a naturally occurring compound that may have osmoregulatory capabilities. It has been used to treat hyperkalemia, homocystinuria, and other gastrointestinal problems.


Chemical Structure

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Betaine
CAS# 107-43-7

Theoretical Analysis

Hodoodo Cat#: H571391
Name: Betaine
CAS#: 107-43-7
Chemical Formula: C5H11NO2
Exact Mass: 117.08
Molecular Weight: 117.150
Elemental Analysis: C, 51.26; H, 9.46; N, 11.96; O, 27.31

Price and Availability

Size Price Availability Quantity
25g USD 170
100g USD 275
500g USD 520
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Synonym: Betaine; Abromine; Lycine

IUPAC/Chemical Name: Methanaminium, 1-carboxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, hydroxide, inner salt

InChi Key: KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChi Code: InChI=1S/C5H11NO2/c1-6(2,3)4-5(7)8/h4H2,1-3H3

SMILES Code: C[N+](C)(C)CC([O-])=O

Appearance: Solid powder

Purity: >98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)

Shipping Condition: Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.

Storage Condition: Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years).

Solubility: Soluble in DMSO

Shelf Life: >2 years if stored properly

Drug Formulation: This drug may be formulated in DMSO

Stock Solution Storage: 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks), or -20 C for long term (months).

HS Tariff Code: 2934.99.9001

More Info:

Biological target:
In vitro activity:
In vivo activity:

Preparing Stock Solutions

The following data is based on the product molecular weight 117.15 Batch specific molecular weights may vary from batch to batch due to the degree of hydration, which will affect the solvent volumes required to prepare stock solutions.

Recalculate based on batch purity %
Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 1.15 mL 5.76 mL 11.51 mL
5 mM 0.23 mL 1.15 mL 2.3 mL
10 mM 0.12 mL 0.58 mL 1.15 mL
50 mM 0.02 mL 0.12 mL 0.23 mL
Formulation protocol:
In vitro protocol:
In vivo protocol:

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1: Cholewa JM, Guimarães-Ferreira L, Zanchi NE. Effects of betaine on performance and body composition: a review of recent findings and potential mechanisms. Amino Acids. 2014 Aug;46(8):1785-93. doi: 10.1007/s00726-014-1748-5. Epub 2014 Apr 24. Review. PubMed PMID: 24760587.

2: Halavaty AS, Rich RL, Chen C, Joo JC, Minasov G, Dubrovska I, Winsor JR, Myszka DG, Duban M, Shuvalova L, Yakunin AF, Anderson WF. Structural and functional analysis of betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase from Staphylococcus aureus. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr. 2015 May;71(Pt 5):1159-75. doi: 10.1107/S1399004715004228. Epub 2015 Apr 25. PubMed PMID: 25945581; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4427200.

3: Hedemann MS, Theil PK, Lærke HN, Bach Knudsen KE. Distinct difference in absorption pattern in pigs of betaine provided as a supplement or present naturally in cereal dietary fiber. J Agric Food Chem. 2015 Mar 18;63(10):2725-33. doi: 10.1021/jf506024v. Epub 2015 Mar 5. PubMed PMID: 25716171.

4: Pekkinen J, Rosa-Sibakov N, Micard V, Keski-Rahkonen P, Lehtonen M, Poutanen K, Mykkänen H, Hanhineva K. Amino acid-derived betaines dominate as urinary markers for rye bran intake in mice fed high-fat diet--A nontargeted metabolomics study. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2015 Aug;59(8):1550-62. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201500066. Epub 2015 May 28. PubMed PMID: 25944556.

5: Ross AB, Zangger A, Guiraud SP. Cereal foods are the major source of betaine in the Western diet--analysis of betaine and free choline in cereal foods and updated assessments of betaine intake. Food Chem. 2014 Feb 15;145:859-65. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.08.122. Epub 2013 Sep 7. PubMed PMID: 24128557.

6: MacKinnon SL, Craft C. Analysis of Betaines from Marine Algae Using LC-MS-MS. Methods Mol Biol. 2015;1308:267-75. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2684-8_17. PubMed PMID: 26108512.

7: Keaveney EM, Price RK, Hamill LL, Wallace JM, McNulty H, Ward M, Strain JJ, Ueland PM, Molloy AM, Piironen V, von Reding W, Shewry PR, Ward JL, Welch RW. Postprandial plasma betaine and other methyl donor-related responses after consumption of minimally processed wheat bran or wheat aleurone, or wheat aleurone incorporated into bread. Br J Nutr. 2015 Feb 14;113(3):445-53. doi: 10.1017/S0007114514003778. Epub 2015 Jan 13. PubMed PMID: 25585164.

8: Nagata C, Wada K, Tamura T, Konishi K, Kawachi T, Tsuji M, Nakamura K. Choline and Betaine Intakes Are Not Associated with Cardiovascular Disease Mortality Risk in Japanese Men and Women. J Nutr. 2015 Aug;145(8):1787-92. doi: 10.3945/jn.114.209296. Epub 2015 Jun 10. PubMed PMID: 26063062.

9: Lever M, McEntyre CJ, George PM, Slow S, Elmslie JL, Lunt H, Chambers ST, Parry-Strong A, Krebs JD. Extreme urinary betaine losses in type 2 diabetes combined with bezafibrate treatment are associated with losses of dimethylglycine and choline but not with increased losses of other osmolytes. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 2014 Oct;28(5):459-68. doi: 10.1007/s10557-014-6542-9. PubMed PMID: 25060556.

10: Wang LJ, Zhang HW, Zhou JY, Liu Y, Yang Y, Chen XL, Zhu CH, Zheng RD, Ling WH, Zhu HL. Betaine attenuates hepatic steatosis by reducing methylation of the MTTP promoter and elevating genomic methylation in mice fed a high-fat diet. J Nutr Biochem. 2014 Mar;25(3):329-36. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2013.11.007. Epub 2013 Dec 3. PubMed PMID: 24456734.

11: Liebeke M, Bundy JG. Biochemical diversity of betaines in earthworms. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2013 Jan 25;430(4):1306-11. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.12.049. Epub 2012 Dec 19. PubMed PMID: 23261439.

12: Hagar H, Al Malki W. Betaine supplementation protects against renal injury induced by cadmium intoxication in rats: role of oxidative stress and caspase-3. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2014 Mar;37(2):803-11. doi: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.02.013. Epub 2014 Feb 23. PubMed PMID: 24632105.

13: Kempson SA, Vovor-Dassu K, Day C. Betaine transport in kidney and liver: use of betaine in liver injury. Cell Physiol Biochem. 2013;32(7):32-40. doi: 10.1159/000356622. Epub 2013 Dec 18. Review. PubMed PMID: 24429813.

14: Lee EJ, An D, Nguyen CT, Patil BS, Kim J, Yoo KS. Betalain and betaine composition of greenhouse- or field-produced beetroot ( Beta vulgaris L.) and inhibition of HepG2 cell proliferation. J Agric Food Chem. 2014 Feb 12;62(6):1324-31. doi: 10.1021/jf404648u. Epub 2014 Feb 3. PubMed PMID: 24467616.

15: Zheng P, Liu J, Mai S, Yuan Y, Wang Y, Dai G. Regulation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 and apoptotic pathways by betaine attenuates isoproterenol-induced acute myocardial injury in rats. Hum Exp Toxicol. 2015 May;34(5):538-47. doi: 10.1177/0960327114543936. Epub 2014 Jul 30. PubMed PMID: 25080425.

16: Dou X, Xia Y, Chen J, Qian Y, Li S, Zhang X, Song Z. Rectification of impaired adipose tissue methylation status and lipolytic response contributes to hepatoprotective effect of betaine in a mouse model of alcoholic liver disease. Br J Pharmacol. 2014 Sep;171(17):4073-86. doi: 10.1111/bph.12765. Epub 2014 Jul 2. PubMed PMID: 24819676; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4243980.

17: Liu Y, Han F, Sun L, Lu J, Wang Q, Sugiyama K, Huang Z. [Betaine-enriched beet suppresses hyperhomocysteinemia induced by choline deficiency in rats]. Wei Sheng Yan Jiu. 2015 Mar;44(2):279-83. Chinese. PubMed PMID: 25997234.

18: Nakagawa Y, Takagi K, Genjima R, Koumoto K. Significance of anionic functional group in betaine-type metabolite analogs on the facilitation of enzyme reactions. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng. 2015 Sep;38(9):1811-7. doi: 10.1007/s00449-015-1422-7. Epub 2015 May 30. PubMed PMID: 26025639.

19: Fang S, Niu Y, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Yu L, Zhang Y, Li X. Liposome-like nanocapsules of dual drug-tailed betaine for cancer therapy. Int J Pharm. 2015 Sep 30;493(1-2):460-5. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.08.006. Epub 2015 Aug 6. PubMed PMID: 26256150.

20: Day CR, Kempson SA. Betaine chemistry, roles, and potential use in liver disease. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2016 Jun;1860(6):1098-106. doi: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.02.001. Epub 2016 Feb 2. Review. PubMed PMID: 26850693.