D-Malic acid
featured

    WARNING: This product is for research use only, not for human or veterinary use.

Hodoodo CAT#: H596419

CAS#: 636-61-3

Description: D-Malic acid is a dicarboxylic acid that is made by all living organisms, contributes to the pleasantly sour taste of fruits, and is used as a food additive. Malic acid has two stereoisomeric forms (L- and D-enantiomers), though only the L-isomer exists naturally. The salts and esters of malic acid are known as malates. The malate anion is an intermediate in the citric acid cycle.


Chemical Structure

img
D-Malic acid
CAS# 636-61-3

Theoretical Analysis

Hodoodo Cat#: H596419
Name: D-Malic acid
CAS#: 636-61-3
Chemical Formula: C4H6O5
Exact Mass: 134.02
Molecular Weight: 134.087
Elemental Analysis: C, 35.83; H, 4.51; O, 59.66

Price and Availability

Size Price Availability Quantity
5g USD 350 2 weeks
10g USD 600 2 Weeks
Bulk inquiry

Synonym: D-Malic acid; EINECS 211-262-2; (R)-Malic acid; Malic acid, D-;

IUPAC/Chemical Name: 2-hydroxysuccinic acid

InChi Key: BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChi Code: InChI=1S/C4H6O5/c5-2(4(8)9)1-3(6)7/h2,5H,1H2,(H,6,7)(H,8,9)

SMILES Code: OC(CC(O)=O)C(O)=O

Appearance: Solid powder

Purity: >98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)

Shipping Condition: Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.

Storage Condition: Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years).

Solubility: Soluble in DMSO

Shelf Life: >2 years if stored properly

Drug Formulation: This drug may be formulated in DMSO

Stock Solution Storage: 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks), or -20 C for long term (months).

HS Tariff Code: 2934.99.9001

More Info:

Biological target:
In vitro activity:
In vivo activity:

Preparing Stock Solutions

The following data is based on the product molecular weight 134.09 Batch specific molecular weights may vary from batch to batch due to the degree of hydration, which will affect the solvent volumes required to prepare stock solutions.

Recalculate based on batch purity %
Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 1.15 mL 5.76 mL 11.51 mL
5 mM 0.23 mL 1.15 mL 2.3 mL
10 mM 0.12 mL 0.58 mL 1.15 mL
50 mM 0.02 mL 0.12 mL 0.23 mL
Formulation protocol:
In vitro protocol:
In vivo protocol:

Molarity Calculator

Calculate the mass, volume, or concentration required for a solution.
=
x
x
g/mol

*When preparing stock solutions always use the batch-specific molecular weight of the product found on the vial label and SDS / CoA (available online).

Reconstitution Calculator

The reconstitution calculator allows you to quickly calculate the volume of a reagent to reconstitute your vial. Simply enter the mass of reagent and the target concentration and the calculator will determine the rest.

=
÷

Dilution Calculator

Calculate the dilution required to prepare a stock solution.
x
=
x

1: Francis BR, Watkins K, Kubelka J. Double Hydrogen Bonding between Side Chain Carboxyl Groups in Aqueous Solutions of Poly (β-L-Malic Acid): Implication for the Evolutionary Origin of Nucleic Acids. Life (Basel). 2017 Aug 28;7(3). pii: E35. doi: 10.3390/life7030035. PubMed PMID: 29061955; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5617960.

2: Varga K, Tannir S, Haynie BE, Leonard BM, Dzyuba SV, Kubelka J, Balaz M. CdSe Quantum Dots Functionalized with Chiral, Thiol-Free Carboxylic Acids: Unraveling Structural Requirements for Ligand-Induced Chirality. ACS Nano. 2017 Oct 24;11(10):9846-9853. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.7b03555. Epub 2017 Oct 2. PubMed PMID: 28956912.

3: Liu Y, Zhang N, Shi SP, Song QQ, Li J, Song YL, Tu PF. [Simultaneous determination of 14 organic acids in Shenfu injection by hydrophilic interaction chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2016 Sep;41(18):3342-3348. doi: 10.4268/cjcmm20161806. Chinese. PubMed PMID: 28925115.

4: Mishra P, Gong Z, Kelly BC. Assessing biological effects of fluoxetine in developing zebrafish embryos using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry based metabolomics. Chemosphere. 2017 Dec;188:157-167. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.08.149. Epub 2017 Aug 31. PubMed PMID: 28881243.

5: Wang L, Yi W, Ye J, Qin H, Long Y, Yang M, Li Q. Interactions among triphenyltin degradation, phospholipid synthesis and membrane characteristics of Bacillus thuringiensis in the presence of d-malic acid. Chemosphere. 2017 Feb;169:403-412. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.10.140. Epub 2016 Nov 23. PubMed PMID: 27886543.

6: Kuczkowiak U, Petereit F, Nahrstedt A. Hydroxycinnamic Acid Derivatives Obtained from a Commercial Crataegus Extract and from Authentic Crataegus spp. Sci Pharm. 2014 Aug 21;82(4):835-46. doi: 10.3797/scipharm.1404-02. Print 2014 Oct-Dec. PubMed PMID: 26171328; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4475804.

7: Francis BR. The Hypothesis that the Genetic Code Originated in Coupled Synthesis of Proteins and the Evolutionary Predecessors of Nucleic Acids in Primitive Cells. Life (Basel). 2015 Feb 11;5(1):467-505. doi: 10.3390/life5010467. PubMed PMID: 25679748; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4390864.

8: Kläring K, Just S, Lagkouvardos I, Hanske L, Haller D, Blaut M, Wenning M, Clavel T. Murimonas intestini gen. nov., sp. nov., an acetate-producing bacterium of the family Lachnospiraceae isolated from the mouse gut. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2015 Mar;65(Pt 3):870-8. doi: 10.1099/ijs.0.000030. Epub 2014 Dec 17. PubMed PMID: 25519299.

9: Hong SH, Jeong HD, Jung B, Lee EY. Analysis and quantification of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria community with amoA gene in sewage treatment plants. J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2012 Sep;22(9):1193-201. PubMed PMID: 22814491.

10: Krueger DA. Composition of pomegranate juice. J AOAC Int. 2012 Jan-Feb;95(1):163-8. PubMed PMID: 22468355.

11: Narita K, Kikuchi T, Watanabe K, Takizawa T, Oguchi T, Kudo K, Matsuhara K, Abe H, Yamori T, Yoshida M, Katoh T. Total synthesis of the bicyclic depsipeptide HDAC inhibitors spiruchostatins A and B, 5''-epi-spiruchostatin B, FK228 (FR901228) and preliminary evaluation of their biological activity. Chemistry. 2009 Oct 26;15(42):11174-86. doi: 10.1002/chem.200901552. PubMed PMID: 19760730.

12: Xie HJ, Shi YJ, Teng SX, Wang WX. [Impact of phthalic acid easters on diversity of microbial community in soil]. Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2009 May 15;30(5):1286-91. Chinese. PubMed PMID: 19558091.

13: Lee MK, Jeon HY, Lee KY, Kim SH, Ma CJ, Sung SH, Lee HS, Park MJ, Kim YC. Inhibitory constituents of Euscaphis japonica on lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production in BV2 microglia. Planta Med. 2007 Jul;73(8):782-6. Epub 2007 Jul 5. PubMed PMID: 17611931.

14: Tazaki H, Ito M, Miyoshi M, Kawabata J, Fukushi E, Fujita T, Motouri M, Furuki T, Nabeta K. Subulatin, an antioxidic caffeic acid derivative isolated from the in vitro cultured liverworts, Jungermannia subulata, Lophocolea heterophylla, and Scapania parvitexta. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2002 Feb;66(2):255-61. PubMed PMID: 11999396.

15: Arthurs CE, Lloyd D. Kinetics, stereospecificity, and expression of the malolactic enzyme. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1999 Aug;65(8):3360-3. PubMed PMID: 10427020; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC91505.

16: Queiros O, Casal M, Althoff S, Moradas-Ferreira P, Leao C. Isolation and characterization of Kluyveromyces marxianus mutants deficient in malate transport. Yeast. 1998 Mar 30;14(5):401-7. PubMed PMID: 9559548.

17: Schmitz C, Rouanet-Dreyfuss AC, Tueni M, Biellmann JF. Syntheses of (-)-Isocitric Acid Lactone and (-)-Homoisocitric Acid. A New Method of Conversion of Alkynylsilanes into the Alkynyl Thioether and Corresponding Carboxylic Acids. J Org Chem. 1996 Mar 8;61(5):1817-1821. PubMed PMID: 11667054.

18: Eisele TA. Determination of D-malic acid in apple juice by liquid chromatography: collaborative study. J AOAC Int. 1996 Jan-Feb;79(1):50-4. PubMed PMID: 8620111.

19: Elkins ER, Heuser JR. Detection of adulteration in apple juice by L-malic/total malic acid ratio: collaborative study. J AOAC Int. 1994 Mar-Apr;77(2):411-5. PubMed PMID: 8199476.

20: Hahn R, Nahrstedt A. High Content of Hydroxycinnamic Acids Esterified with (+)-D-Malic Acid in the Upper Parts of Fumaria officinalis1. Planta Med. 1993 Apr;59(2):189-90. PubMed PMID: 17230358.