WARNING: This product is for research use only, not for human or veterinary use.
Hodoodo CAT#: H300120
CAS#: 945667-22-1 (hydrate)
Description: Saxagliptin, also known as BMS-477118, is a new oral hypoglycemic (anti-diabetic drug) of the new dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor class of drugs. Saxagliptin was approved in 2008 for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Saxagliptin is a competitive DPP4 inhibitor that slows the inactivation of the incretin hormones, thereby increasing their bloodstream concentrations and reducing fasting and postprandial glucose concentrations in a glucose-dependent manner in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Hodoodo Cat#: H300120
Name: Saxagliptin hydrate
CAS#: 945667-22-1 (hydrate)
Chemical Formula: C18H27N3O3
Exact Mass: 0.00
Molecular Weight: 333.432
Elemental Analysis: C, 64.84; H, 8.16; N, 12.60; O, 14.39
Related CAS #: 945667-22-1 (hydrate) 709031-78-7 (HCl) 361442-04-8 (free base) 1073057-20-1 (HCl hydrate) 1073057-33-6 (benzoate hydrate)
Synonym: BMS477118; BMS 477118; BMS-477118; Saxagliptin; brand name: Onglyza.
IUPAC/Chemical Name: (1S,3S,5S)-2-((S)-2-amino-2-((1r,3R,5R,7S)-3-hydroxyadamantan-1-yl)acetyl)-2-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-3-carbonitrile hydrate
InChi Key: AFNTWHMDBNQQPX-IGSRIJEQSA-N
InChi Code: InChI=1S/C18H25N3O2.H2O/c19-8-13-2-12-3-14(12)21(13)16(22)15(20)17-4-10-1-11(5-17)7-18(23,6-10)9-17;/h10-15,23H,1-7,9,20H2;1H2/t10-,11+,12-,13+,14+,15-,17+,18-;/m1./s1
SMILES Code: N#C[C@H]1N(C([C@@H](N)[C@]23C[C@@]4(O)C[C@](C3)([H])C[C@@](C4)([H])C2)=O)[C@@]5([H])C[C@@]5([H])C1.[H]O[H]
Appearance: Off-white to light yellow solid powder
Purity: >98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)
Shipping Condition: Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.
Storage Condition: Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years).
Solubility: Soluble in DMSO.
Shelf Life: >2 years if stored properly
Drug Formulation: This drug may be formulated in DMSO
Stock Solution Storage: 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks), or -20 C for long term (months).
HS Tariff Code: 2934.99.9001
More Info:
| Biological target: | Saxagliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor with IC50 of 26 nM. |
| In vitro activity: | Saxagliptin shows promise as a treatment against diabetes-associated coronary heart disease. Saxagliptin improved cell viability in H9c2 cells. It reduced hypoxia-induced oxidative damage, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, NOX 4, MMP-2, and MMP-9. Saxagliptin also suppressed hypoxia-induced expression ofHMGB1. Saxagliptin exerted atheroprotective effects by reducing the expression of MyD88 and increasing the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1. Reference: Chem Biol Interact. 2020 Jan 5;315:108864. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31629700/ |
| In vivo activity: | In a dorsal McFarlane flap rat model, saxagliptin promoted random skin flap survival. The saxagliptin group had reduced oxidative stress, NF-κB, TLR4, proinflammatory cytokines, and pyroptosis-related proteins but had increased VEGF levels in a dose-dependent manner. Reference: Int Immunopharmacol. 2023 Jul;120:110364. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37224651/ |
| Solvent | Max Conc. mg/mL | Max Conc. mM | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Solubility | |||
| DMSO | 48.5 | 145.46 | |
| Water | 36.5 | 109.47 | |
| Ethanol | 63.0 | 188.95 |
The following data is based on the product molecular weight 333.43 Batch specific molecular weights may vary from batch to batch due to the degree of hydration, which will affect the solvent volumes required to prepare stock solutions.
| Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 mM | 1.15 mL | 5.76 mL | 11.51 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.23 mL | 1.15 mL | 2.3 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.12 mL | 0.58 mL | 1.15 mL |
| 50 mM | 0.02 mL | 0.12 mL | 0.23 mL |
| Formulation protocol: | 1. Wang Q, Xie X, Zhang D, Mao F, Wang S, Liao Y. Saxagliptin enhances osteogenic differentiation in MC3T3-E1 cells, dependent on the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase α (AMPKα)/runt-related transcription factor-2 (Runx-2). Bioengineered. 2022 Jan;13(1):431-439. doi: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2008667. PMID: 35258398; PMCID: PMC8805826. 2. Zhang L, Qi X, Zhang G, Zhang Y, Tian J. Saxagliptin protects against hypoxia-induced damage in H9c2 cells. Chem Biol Interact. 2020 Jan 5;315:108864. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.108864. Epub 2019 Oct 17. PMID: 31629700. 3. Meng Z, Wang K, Lan Q, Zhou T, Lin Y, Jiang Z, Chen J, Lin Y, Liu X, Lin H, Lin D. Saxagliptin promotes random skin flap survival. Int Immunopharmacol. 2023 Jul;120:110364. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110364. Epub 2023 May 23. PMID: 37224651. 4. Tang Y, Leng YF, Wang W, Zhang J, Yuan TL, Wang J. Protective effect of Saxagliptin on diabetic rats with renal ischemia reperfusion injury by targeting oxidative stress and mitochondrial apoptosis pathway through activating Nrf-2/HO-1 signaling. Transpl Immunol. 2023 Feb;76:101762. doi: 10.1016/j.trim.2022.101762. Epub 2022 Nov 23. PMID: 36435353. |
| In vitro protocol: | 1. Wang Q, Xie X, Zhang D, Mao F, Wang S, Liao Y. Saxagliptin enhances osteogenic differentiation in MC3T3-E1 cells, dependent on the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase α (AMPKα)/runt-related transcription factor-2 (Runx-2). Bioengineered. 2022 Jan;13(1):431-439. doi: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2008667. PMID: 35258398; PMCID: PMC8805826. 2. Zhang L, Qi X, Zhang G, Zhang Y, Tian J. Saxagliptin protects against hypoxia-induced damage in H9c2 cells. Chem Biol Interact. 2020 Jan 5;315:108864. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.108864. Epub 2019 Oct 17. PMID: 31629700. |
| In vivo protocol: | 1. Meng Z, Wang K, Lan Q, Zhou T, Lin Y, Jiang Z, Chen J, Lin Y, Liu X, Lin H, Lin D. Saxagliptin promotes random skin flap survival. Int Immunopharmacol. 2023 Jul;120:110364. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110364. Epub 2023 May 23. PMID: 37224651. 2. Tang Y, Leng YF, Wang W, Zhang J, Yuan TL, Wang J. Protective effect of Saxagliptin on diabetic rats with renal ischemia reperfusion injury by targeting oxidative stress and mitochondrial apoptosis pathway through activating Nrf-2/HO-1 signaling. Transpl Immunol. 2023 Feb;76:101762. doi: 10.1016/j.trim.2022.101762. Epub 2022 Nov 23. PMID: 36435353. |
1: Toth PP. Overview of saxagliptin efficacy and safety in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease or risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2014 Dec 23;11:9-23. eCollection 2015. Review. PubMed PMID: 25565858; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4278729.
2: Konya H, Yano Y, Matsutani S, Tsunoda T, Ikawa T, Kusunoki Y, Matsuo T, Miuchi M, Katsuno T, Hamaguchi T, Miyagawa J, Namba M. Profile of saxagliptin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes: focus on Japanese patients. Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2014 Jul 11;10:547-58. doi: 10.2147/TCRM.S46076. eCollection 2014. Review. PubMed PMID: 25050065; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4103926.
3: Panagoulias GS, Doupis J. Clinical utility in the treatment of type 2 diabetes with the saxagliptin/metformin fixed combination. Patient Prefer Adherence. 2014 Feb 15;8:227-36. doi: 10.2147/PPA.S34089. eCollection 2014. Review. PubMed PMID: 24627627; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3931578.
4: Davidson JA. Tolerability of saxagliptin in patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes: results from 6 phase III studies. J Manag Care Pharm. 2014 Feb;20(2):120-9. Review. PubMed PMID: 24456313.
5: Ali S, Fonseca V. Saxagliptin overview: special focus on safety and adverse effects. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2013 Jan;12(1):103-9. doi: 10.1517/14740338.2013.741584. Epub 2012 Nov 9. Review. PubMed PMID: 23137182.
6: Scheen AJ. Saxagliptin plus metformin combination in patients with type 2 diabetes and renal impairment. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol. 2012 Mar;8(3):383-94. doi: 10.1517/17425255.2012.658771. Epub 2012 Feb 8. Review. PubMed PMID: 22313172.
7: Cobble ME, Frederich R. Saxagliptin for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: assessing cardiovascular data. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2012 Jan 16;11:6. doi: 10.1186/1475-2840-11-6. Review. PubMed PMID: 22248301; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3277488.
8: Yang LP. Saxagliptin: a review of its use as combination therapy in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the EU. Drugs. 2012 Jan 22;72(2):229-48. doi: 10.2165/11208160-000000000-00000. Review. PubMed PMID: 22221000.
9: Scheen AJ. Metformin + saxagliptin for type 2 diabetes. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2012 Jan;13(1):139-46. doi: 10.1517/14656566.2012.642867. Review. PubMed PMID: 22149373.
10: Schwartz SL. Saxagliptin for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: focus on recent studies. Ann Med. 2012 Mar;44(2):157-69. doi: 10.3109/07853890.2011.603701. Epub 2011 Dec 1. Review. PubMed PMID: 22132773.
11: Gerrald KR, Van Scoyoc E, Wines RC, Runge T, Jonas DE. Saxagliptin and sitagliptin in adult patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2012 Jun;14(6):481-92. doi: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2011.01540.x. Epub 2011 Dec 27. Review. PubMed PMID: 22098472.
12: McFarland MS, Brock M, Ryals C. Place in therapy for liraglutide and saxagliptin for type 2 diabetes. South Med J. 2011 Jun;104(6):426-39. doi: 10.1097/SMJ.0b013e318215fc7a. Review. PubMed PMID: 21886033.
13: Kania DS, Gonzalvo JD, Weber ZA. Saxagliptin: a clinical review in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Clin Ther. 2011 Aug;33(8):1005-22. doi: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2011.06.016. Epub 2011 Jul 28. Review. PubMed PMID: 21802144.
14: Gautier JF, Sauvanet JP. Efficacy of saxagliptin as an add-on to oral monotherapy in the phase 3 clinical development program: predictive factors of the treatment response in type 2 diabetes. Ann Endocrinol (Paris). 2011 Sep;72(4):287-95. doi: 10.1016/j.ando.2011.05.005. Epub 2011 Jul 21. Review. PubMed PMID: 21777901.
15: Saxagliptin/metformin (kombiglyze XR) for type 2 diabetes. Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2011 Mar 21;53(1360):21-2. Review. PubMed PMID: 21412207.
16: Neumiller JJ, Campbell RK. Saxagliptin: a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2010 Sep 15;67(18):1515-25. doi: 10.2146/ajhp090555. Review. PubMed PMID: 20811029.
17: Lam S, Saad M. Saxagliptin: a new dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor for type 2 diabetes. Cardiol Rev. 2010 Jul-Aug;18(4):213-7. doi: 10.1097/CRD.0b013e3181daad5f. Review. PubMed PMID: 20539105.
18: Borja-Hart NL, Whalen KL. Saxagliptin: a new dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor for type 2 diabetes. Ann Pharmacother. 2010 Jun;44(6):1046-53. doi: 10.1345/aph.1P003. Epub 2010 May 11. Review. PubMed PMID: 20460554.
19: Thareja S, Aggarwal S, Malla P, Haksar D, Bhardwaj TR, Kumar M. Saxagliptin: a new drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Mini Rev Med Chem. 2010 Jul;10(8):759-65. Review. PubMed PMID: 20402634.
20: LaSalle JR. Reaching HbA1c goals with saxagliptin in combination with other oral antidiabetic drugs. Postgrad Med. 2010 Jan;122(1):144-52. doi: 10.3810/pgm.2010.01.2108. Review. PubMed PMID: 20107298.
