WARNING: This product is for research use only, not for human or veterinary use.
Hodoodo CAT#: H205738
CAS#: 874819-74-6 (phosphate)
Description: Toceranib, also known as PHA-291639 and SU 11654, is a receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor and is used in the treatment of canine mast cell tumor also called mastocytoma. Toceranib phosphate was approved for dog.
Hodoodo Cat#: H205738
Name: Toceranib phosphate
CAS#: 874819-74-6 (phosphate)
Chemical Formula: C22H28FN4O6P
Exact Mass: 0.00
Molecular Weight: 494.460
Elemental Analysis: C, 53.44; H, 5.71; F, 3.84; N, 11.33; O, 19.41; P, 6.26
Related CAS #: 874819-74-6 (phosphate) 356068-94-5 (free base)
Synonym: PHA-291639; PHA291639; PHA 291639; SU-11654; SU 11654; SU11654; Toceranib; Toceranib phosphate; Brand name: Palladia.
IUPAC/Chemical Name: (Z)-5-((5-fluoro-2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)methyl)-2,4-dimethyl-N-(2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)ethyl)-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxamide phosphate.
InChi Key: AOORBROPMMRREB-HBPAQXCTSA-N
InChi Code: InChI=1S/C22H25FN4O2.H3O4P/c1-13-19(12-17-16-11-15(23)5-6-18(16)26-21(17)28)25-14(2)20(13)22(29)24-7-10-27-8-3-4-9-27;1-5(2,3)4/h5-6,11-12,25H,3-4,7-10H2,1-2H3,(H,24,29)(H,26,28);(H3,1,2,3,4)/b17-12-;
SMILES Code: O=C(C1=C(C)NC(/C=C2C(NC3=C\2C=C(F)C=C3)=O)=C1C)NCCN4CCCC4.O=P(O)(O)O
Appearance: Solid powder
Purity: >97% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)
Shipping Condition: Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.
Storage Condition: Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years).
Solubility: Soluble in DMSO, not in water
Shelf Life: >2 years if stored properly
Drug Formulation: This drug may be formulated in DMSO
Stock Solution Storage: 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks), or -20 C for long term (months).
HS Tariff Code: 2934.99.9001
More Info: Related CAS# 256068-94-5 ( Toceranib phosphate) 356068-94-5 ( Toceranib free base).
| Biological target: | Toceranib phosphate inhibits PDGFR, VEGFR, and Kit with Kis of 5 and 6 nM for PDGFRβ and Flk-1/KDR, respectively. |
| In vitro activity: | The functional effects of toceranib phosphate (TOC) on six canine osteosarcoma (OSA) cell lines were evaluated by transwell, wound healing and colony formation assays. TOC inhibited cell growth of all cell lines, but reduced invasion and migration was only observed in Penny and Wall cell lines. Overall, the results demonstrate that TOC is able to slightly inhibit cell growth in vitro. Reference: Vet Comp Oncol. 2020 Mar;18(1):117-127. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/vco.12562 |
| In vivo activity: | An orthotopic xenograft model of canine OSA was used to evaluate the effects of TOC. In mice engrafted with Penny cells and subjected to TOC treatment, decreased tumour growth was observed, and PDGFRs and c-Kit mRNA were downregulated. Immunohistochemical analyses demonstrated a significant reduction of Ki67 staining in treated mice when compared to controls. The results demonstrate that TOC significantly reduced tumour size and the Ki67 index without modifying apoptosis markers in vivo. Reference: Vet Comp Oncol. 2020 Mar;18(1):117-127. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/vco.12562 |
| Solvent | Max Conc. mg/mL | Max Conc. mM | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Solubility | |||
| DMSO | 2.2 | 4.51 | |
| Water | 1.1 | 2.12 |
The following data is based on the product molecular weight 494.46 Batch specific molecular weights may vary from batch to batch due to the degree of hydration, which will affect the solvent volumes required to prepare stock solutions.
| Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 mM | 1.15 mL | 5.76 mL | 11.51 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.23 mL | 1.15 mL | 2.3 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.12 mL | 0.58 mL | 1.15 mL |
| 50 mM | 0.02 mL | 0.12 mL | 0.23 mL |
| Formulation protocol: | 1. Sánchez-Céspedes R, Accornero P, Miretti S, Martignani E, Gattino F, Maniscalco L, Gola C, Iussich S, Martano M, Morello E, Buracco P, Aresu L, Maria R. In vitro and in vivo effects of toceranib phosphate on canine osteosarcoma cell lines and xenograft orthotopic models. Vet Comp Oncol. 2020 Mar;18(1):117-127. doi: 10.1111/vco.12562. Epub 2019 Dec 15. PMID: 31816142. |
| In vitro protocol: | 1. Sánchez-Céspedes R, Accornero P, Miretti S, Martignani E, Gattino F, Maniscalco L, Gola C, Iussich S, Martano M, Morello E, Buracco P, Aresu L, Maria R. In vitro and in vivo effects of toceranib phosphate on canine osteosarcoma cell lines and xenograft orthotopic models. Vet Comp Oncol. 2020 Mar;18(1):117-127. doi: 10.1111/vco.12562. Epub 2019 Dec 15. PMID: 31816142. |
| In vivo protocol: | 1. Sánchez-Céspedes R, Accornero P, Miretti S, Martignani E, Gattino F, Maniscalco L, Gola C, Iussich S, Martano M, Morello E, Buracco P, Aresu L, Maria R. In vitro and in vivo effects of toceranib phosphate on canine osteosarcoma cell lines and xenograft orthotopic models. Vet Comp Oncol. 2020 Mar;18(1):117-127. doi: 10.1111/vco.12562. Epub 2019 Dec 15. PMID: 31816142. |
1: Holtermann N, Kiupel M, Hirschberger J. The tyrosine kinase inhibitor toceranib in feline injection site sarcoma: efficacy and side effects. Vet Comp Oncol. 2016 Jan 14. doi: 10.1111/vco.12207. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 26762970.
2: Wiles V, Hohenhaus A, Lamb K, Zaidi B, Camps-Palau M, Leibman N. Retrospective evaluation of toceranib phosphate (Palladia) in cats with oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Feline Med Surg. 2016 Jan 11. pii: 1098612X15622237. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 26755491.
3: Jang JK, Chretin J, Bruyette D, Hu P, Epstein AL. Phase 1 Dose-Escalation Study with LEC/chTNT-3 and Toceranib Phosphate (Palladia(®)) in Dogs with Spontaneous Malignancies. J Cancer Sci Ther. 2015;7(6):167-174. Epub 2015 May 30. PubMed PMID: 26635918; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4666026.
4: Burton JH, Venable RO, Vail DM, Williams LE, Clifford CA, Axiak-Bechtel SM, Avery AC, Thamm DH. Pulse-Administered Toceranib Phosphate Plus Lomustine for Treatment of Unresectable Mast Cell Tumors in Dogs. J Vet Intern Med. 2015 Jul-Aug;29(4):1098-104. doi: 10.1111/jvim.13573. Epub 2015 Jun 25. PubMed PMID: 26119008.
5: Gardner HL, London CA, Portela RA, Nguyen S, Rosenberg MP, Klein MK, Clifford C, Thamm DH, Vail DM, Bergman P, Crawford-Jakubiak M, Henry C, Locke J, Garrett LD. Maintenance therapy with toceranib following doxorubicin-based chemotherapy for canine splenic hemangiosarcoma. BMC Vet Res. 2015 Jun 11;11:131. doi: 10.1186/s12917-015-0446-1. PubMed PMID: 26062540; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4464614.
6: London CA, Gardner HL, Mathie T, Stingle N, Portela R, Pennell ML, Clifford CA, Rosenberg MP, Vail DM, Williams LE, Cronin KL, Wilson-Robles H, Borgatti A, Henry CJ, Bailey DB, Locke J, Northrup NC, Crawford-Jakubiak M, Gill VL, Klein MK, Ruslander DM, Thamm DH, Phillips B, Post G. Impact of Toceranib/Piroxicam/Cyclophosphamide Maintenance Therapy on Outcome of Dogs with Appendicular Osteosarcoma following Amputation and Carboplatin Chemotherapy: A Multi-Institutional Study. PLoS One. 2015 Apr 29;10(4):e0124889. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124889. eCollection 2015. PubMed PMID: 25923466; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4414350.
7: Halsey CH, Gustafson DL, Rose BJ, Wolf-Ringwall A, Burnett RC, Duval DL, Avery AC, Thamm DH. Development of an in vitro model of acquired resistance to toceranib phosphate (Palladia®) in canine mast cell tumor. BMC Vet Res. 2014 May 6;10:105. doi: 10.1186/1746-6148-10-105. PubMed PMID: 24885200; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4049511.
8: Pan X, Tsimbas K, Kurzman ID, Vail DM. Safety evaluation of combination CCNU and continuous toceranib phosphate (Palladia(®) ) in tumour-bearing dogs: a phase I dose-finding study. Vet Comp Oncol. 2014 Apr 16. doi: 10.1111/vco.12091. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 24735385.
9: Bernabe LF, Portela R, Nguyen S, Kisseberth WC, Pennell M, Yancey MF, London CA. Evaluation of the adverse event profile and pharmacodynamics of toceranib phosphate administered to dogs with solid tumors at doses below the maximum tolerated dose. BMC Vet Res. 2013 Sep 30;9:190. doi: 10.1186/1746-6148-9-190. PubMed PMID: 24079884; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3850926.
10: Pérez ML, Culver S, Owen JL, Dunbar M, Kow K, Breen M, Milner RJ. Partial cytogenetic response with toceranib and prednisone treatment in a young dog with chronic monocytic leukemia. Anticancer Drugs. 2013 Nov;24(10):1098-103. doi: 10.1097/CAD.0000000000000018. PubMed PMID: 23995854.
11: Leblanc AK, Miller AN, Galyon GD, Moyers TD, Long MJ, Stuckey AC, Wall JS, Morandi F. Preliminary evaluation of serial (18) FDG-PET/CT to assess response to toceranib phosphate therapy in canine cancer. Vet Radiol Ultrasound. 2012 May-Jun;53(3):348-57. doi: 10.1111/j.1740-8261.2012.01925.x. Epub 2012 Feb 24. PubMed PMID: 22360684.
12: Mitchell L, Thamm DH, Biller BJ. Clinical and immunomodulatory effects of toceranib combined with low-dose cyclophosphamide in dogs with cancer. J Vet Intern Med. 2012 Mar-Apr;26(2):355-62. doi: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2011.00883.x. Epub 2012 Feb 4. PubMed PMID: 22303814.
13: London C, Mathie T, Stingle N, Clifford C, Haney S, Klein MK, Beaver L, Vickery K, Vail DM, Hershey B, Ettinger S, Vaughan A, Alvarez F, Hillman L, Kiselow M, Thamm D, Higginbotham ML, Gauthier M, Krick E, Phillips B, Ladue T, Jones P, Bryan J, Gill V, Novasad A, Fulton L, Carreras J, McNeill C, Henry C, Gillings S. Preliminary evidence for biologic activity of toceranib phosphate (Palladia(®)) in solid tumours. Vet Comp Oncol. 2012 Sep;10(3):194-205. doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5829.2011.00275.x. Epub 2011 Jun 1. PubMed PMID: 22236194; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3732378.
14: de Vos J, Ramos Vega S, Noorman E, de Vos P. Primary frontal sinus squamous cell carcinoma in three dogs treated with piroxicam combined with carboplatin or toceranib. Vet Comp Oncol. 2012 Sep;10(3):206-13. doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5829.2011.00292.x. Epub 2011 Aug 30. PubMed PMID: 22236048.
15: Chon E, McCartan L, Kubicek LN, Vail DM. Safety evaluation of combination toceranib phosphate (Palladia®) and piroxicam in tumour-bearing dogs (excluding mast cell tumours): a phase I dose-finding study. Vet Comp Oncol. 2012 Sep;10(3):184-93. doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5829.2011.00265.x. Epub 2011 Mar 21. PubMed PMID: 22235941.
16: Robat C, London C, Bunting L, McCartan L, Stingle N, Selting K, Kurzman I, Vail DM. Safety evaluation of combination vinblastine and toceranib phosphate (Palladia®) in dogs: a phase I dose-finding study. Vet Comp Oncol. 2012 Sep;10(3):174-83. doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5829.2011.00261.x. Epub 2011 Jan 31. PubMed PMID: 22235914; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3837095.
17: Carlsten KS, London CA, Haney S, Burnett R, Avery AC, Thamm DH. Multicenter prospective trial of hypofractionated radiation treatment, toceranib, and prednisone for measurable canine mast cell tumors. J Vet Intern Med. 2012 Jan-Feb;26(1):135-41. doi: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2011.00851.x. Epub 2011 Dec 19. PubMed PMID: 22176473; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3837098.
18: Yancey MF, Merritt DA, Lesman SP, Boucher JF, Michels GM. Pharmacokinetic properties of toceranib phosphate (Palladia, SU11654), a novel tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in laboratory dogs and dogs with mast cell tumors. J Vet Pharmacol Ther. 2010 Apr;33(2):162-71. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2009.01133.x. PubMed PMID: 20444041.
19: Yancey MF, Merritt DA, White JA, Marsh SA, Locuson CW. Distribution, metabolism, and excretion of toceranib phosphate (Palladia, SU11654), a novel tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in dogs. J Vet Pharmacol Ther. 2010 Apr;33(2):154-61. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2009.01120.x. PubMed PMID: 20444040.
20: London CA, Malpas PB, Wood-Follis SL, Boucher JF, Rusk AW, Rosenberg MP, Henry CJ, Mitchener KL, Klein MK, Hintermeister JG, Bergman PJ, Couto GC, Mauldin GN, Michels GM. Multi-center, placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized study of oral toceranib phosphate (SU11654), a receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, for the treatment of dogs with recurrent (either local or distant) mast cell tumor following surgical excision. Clin Cancer Res. 2009 Jun 1;15(11):3856-65. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-08-1860. Epub 2009 May 26. PubMed PMID: 19470739.
