WARNING: This product is for research use only, not for human or veterinary use.
Hodoodo CAT#: H205774
CAS#: 497833-27-9 (free base)
Description: Givinostat or gavinostat, aslo known as ITF2357, is a potent and orally active histone deacetylase inhibitor with potential anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, and antineoplastic activities. It is a hydroxamate used in the form of its hydrochloride. Inhibition of HDAC activity by ITF2357 ameliorates joint inflammation and prevents cartilage and bone destruction in experimental arthritis.ITF2357 reduces cytokines and protects islet β cells in vivo and in vitro. ITF2357 decreases surface CXCR4 and CCR5 expression on CD4(+) T-cells and monocytes and is superior to valproic acid for latent HIV-1 expression in vitro.
Hodoodo Cat#: H205774
Name: Givinostat free base
CAS#: 497833-27-9 (free base)
Chemical Formula: C24H27N3O4
Exact Mass: 421.20
Molecular Weight: 421.497
Elemental Analysis: C, 68.39; H, 6.46; N, 9.97; O, 15.18
Related CAS #: 497833-27-9 (free base) 199657-29-9 (HCl) 732302-99-7 (HCl hydrate)
Synonym: Givinostat ; gavinostat; ITF2357; ITF 2357; ITF-2357.
IUPAC/Chemical Name: (6-((diethylamino)methyl)naphthalen-2-yl)methyl (4-(hydroxycarbamoyl)phenyl)carbamate
InChi Key: YALNUENQHAQXEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChi Code: InChI=1S/C24H27N3O4/c1-3-27(4-2)15-17-5-7-21-14-18(6-8-20(21)13-17)16-31-24(29)25-22-11-9-19(10-12-22)23(28)26-30/h5-14,30H,3-4,15-16H2,1-2H3,(H,25,29)(H,26,28)
SMILES Code: O=C(OCC1=CC=C2C=C(CN(CC)CC)C=CC2=C1)NC3=CC=C(C(NO)=O)C=C3
Appearance: Solid powder
Purity: >98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)
Shipping Condition: Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.
Storage Condition: Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years).
Solubility: Soluble in DMSO, not in water
Shelf Life: >2 years if stored properly
Drug Formulation: This drug may be formulated in DMSO
Stock Solution Storage: 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks), or -20 C for long term (months).
HS Tariff Code: 2934.99.9001
More Info: Givinostat inhibits class I and class II histone deacetylases (HDACs) and several pro-inflammatory cytokines. This reduces expression of tumour necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin 1α and β, and interleukin 6. It also has activity against cells expressing JAK(2V617F), a mutated form of the janus kinase 2 (JAK2) enzyme that is implicated in the pathophysiology of many myeloproliferative diseases, including polycythaemia vera. In patients with polycythaemia, the reduction of mutant JAK2 concentrations by givinostat is believed to slow down the abnormal growth of erythrocytes and ameliorate the symptoms of the disease. (Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Givinostat).
| Biological target: | Givinostat (ITF-2357) is a HDAC inhibitor with an IC50 of 198 and 157 nM for HDAC1 and HDAC3, respectively. |
| In vitro activity: | Givinostat significantly inhibited JS-1 cell proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis, leading to cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phases. Treatment with givinostat downregulated protein expression of CDK4, CDK6, and cyclin D1, whereas expression of p21 and p57 was significantly increased. The givinostat-induced apoptosis of hepatic stellate cells was mainly mediated through p38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2. Givinostat treatment increased intracellular reactive oxygen species production, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, and promoted mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening. Acetylation of superoxide dismutase (acetyl K68) and nuclear factor-κB p65 (acetyl K310) was upregulated, while there was no change in protein expression. Moreover, the notable beneficial effect of givinostat on liver fibrosis was also confirmed in the mouse models. Reference: World J Gastroenterol. 2015 Jul 21;21(27):8326-39. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/26217084/ |
| In vivo activity: | Mice were given 100 μL water or ITF2357 (5 mg/kg) by gavage and, after 1 h, injected intravenously with 200 μg/mouse of ConA. Control mice received an intravenous injection of saline. Mice were bled 24 h later for evaluation of serum ALT levels as described previously (33,34). As shown in Figure 15, ALT levels were reduced by more than 80% by ITF2357 pretreatment. In another experiment, a comparison was made between 1 and 10 mg/kg of oral ITF2357. As shown in Figure 16, a dose of 1 mg/kg ITF2357 was as effective as a dose of 10 mg/kg in reducing ConA hepatitis as measured by ALT levels. Reference: Mol Med. 2005 Jan-Dec;11(1-12):1-15. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/16557334/ |
The following data is based on the product molecular weight 421.50 Batch specific molecular weights may vary from batch to batch due to the degree of hydration, which will affect the solvent volumes required to prepare stock solutions.
| Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 mM | 1.15 mL | 5.76 mL | 11.51 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.23 mL | 1.15 mL | 2.3 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.12 mL | 0.58 mL | 1.15 mL |
| 50 mM | 0.02 mL | 0.12 mL | 0.23 mL |
| Formulation protocol: | 1. Wang YG, Xu L, Wang T, Wei J, Meng WY, Wang N, Shi M. Givinostat inhibition of hepatic stellate cell proliferation and protein acetylation. World J Gastroenterol. 2015 Jul 21;21(27):8326-39. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i27.8326. PMID: 26217084; PMCID: PMC4507102. 2. Leoni F, Fossati G, Lewis EC, Lee JK, Porro G, Pagani P, Modena D, Moras ML, Pozzi P, Reznikov LL, Siegmund B, Fantuzzi G, Dinarello CA, Mascagni P. The histone deacetylase inhibitor ITF2357 reduces production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in vitro and systemic inflammation in vivo. Mol Med. 2005 Jan-Dec;11(1-12):1-15. doi: 10.2119/2006-00005.Dinarello. PMID: 16557334; PMCID: PMC1449516. |
| In vitro protocol: | 1. Wang YG, Xu L, Wang T, Wei J, Meng WY, Wang N, Shi M. Givinostat inhibition of hepatic stellate cell proliferation and protein acetylation. World J Gastroenterol. 2015 Jul 21;21(27):8326-39. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i27.8326. PMID: 26217084; PMCID: PMC4507102. 2. Leoni F, Fossati G, Lewis EC, Lee JK, Porro G, Pagani P, Modena D, Moras ML, Pozzi P, Reznikov LL, Siegmund B, Fantuzzi G, Dinarello CA, Mascagni P. The histone deacetylase inhibitor ITF2357 reduces production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in vitro and systemic inflammation in vivo. Mol Med. 2005 Jan-Dec;11(1-12):1-15. doi: 10.2119/2006-00005.Dinarello. PMID: 16557334; PMCID: PMC1449516. |
| In vivo protocol: | 1. Leoni F, Fossati G, Lewis EC, Lee JK, Porro G, Pagani P, Modena D, Moras ML, Pozzi P, Reznikov LL, Siegmund B, Fantuzzi G, Dinarello CA, Mascagni P. The histone deacetylase inhibitor ITF2357 reduces production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in vitro and systemic inflammation in vivo. Mol Med. 2005 Jan-Dec;11(1-12):1-15. doi: 10.2119/2006-00005.Dinarello. PMID: 16557334; PMCID: PMC1449516. |
1: Zappasodi R, Cavanè A, Iorio MV, Tortoreto M, Guarnotta C, Ruggiero G, Piovan C, Magni M, Zaffaroni N, Tagliabue E, Croce CM, Zunino F, Gianni AM, Di Nicola M. Pleiotropic antitumor effects of the pan-HDAC inhibitor ITF2357 against c-Myc-overexpressing human B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Int J Cancer. 2014 Nov 1;135(9):2034-45. doi: 10.1002/ijc.28852. Epub 2014 Mar 26. PubMed PMID: 24648290.
2: Joosten LA, Leoni F, Meghji S, Mascagni P. Inhibition of HDAC activity by ITF2357 ameliorates joint inflammation and prevents cartilage and bone destruction in experimental arthritis. Mol Med. 2011 May-Jun;17(5-6):391-6. doi: 10.2119/molmed.2011.00058. Epub 2011 Feb 11. PubMed PMID: 21327299; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3105133.
3: Regna NL, Chafin CB, Hammond SE, Puthiyaveetil AG, Caudell DL, Reilly CM. Class I and II histone deacetylase inhibition by ITF2357 reduces SLE pathogenesis in vivo. Clin Immunol. 2014 Mar;151(1):29-42. doi: 10.1016/j.clim.2014.01.002. Epub 2014 Jan 15. PubMed PMID: 24503172; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3963170.
4: Li S, Fossati G, Marchetti C, Modena D, Pozzi P, Reznikov LL, Moras ML, Azam T, Abbate A, Mascagni P, Dinarello CA. Specific inhibition of histone deacetylase 8 reduces gene expression and production of proinflammatory cytokines in vitro and in vivo. J Biol Chem. 2015 Jan 23;290(4):2368-78. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M114.618454. Epub 2014 Dec 1. PubMed PMID: 25451941; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4303687.
5: Lewis EC, Blaabjerg L, Størling J, Ronn SG, Mascagni P, Dinarello CA, Mandrup-Poulsen T. The oral histone deacetylase inhibitor ITF2357 reduces cytokines and protects islet β cells in vivo and in vitro. Mol Med. 2011 May-Jun;17(5-6):369-77. doi: 10.2119/molmed.2010.00152. Epub 2010 Dec 22. PubMed PMID: 21193899; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3105153.
6: Galimberti S, Canestraro M, Savli H, Palumbo GA, Tibullo D, Nagy B, Piaggi S, Guerrini F, Cine N, Metelli MR, Petrini M. ITF2357 interferes with apoptosis and inflammatory pathways in the HL-60 model: a gene expression study. Anticancer Res. 2010 Nov;30(11):4525-35. PubMed PMID: 21115902.
7: Galli M, Salmoiraghi S, Golay J, Gozzini A, Crippa C, Pescosta N, Rambaldi A. A phase II multiple dose clinical trial of histone deacetylase inhibitor ITF2357 in patients with relapsed or progressive multiple myeloma. Ann Hematol. 2010 Feb;89(2):185-90. doi: 10.1007/s00277-009-0793-8. Epub 2009 Jul 25. PubMed PMID: 19633847.
8: Lim RR, Tan A, Liu YC, Barathi VA, Mohan RR, Mehta JS, Chaurasia SS. ITF2357 transactivates Id3 and regulate TGFβ/BMP7 signaling pathways to attenuate corneal fibrosis. Sci Rep. 2016 Feb 11;6:20841. doi: 10.1038/srep20841. PubMed PMID: 26865052; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4750002.
9: Matalon S, Palmer BE, Nold MF, Furlan A, Kassu A, Fossati G, Mascagni P, Dinarello CA. The histone deacetylase inhibitor ITF2357 decreases surface CXCR4 and CCR5 expression on CD4(+) T-cells and monocytes and is superior to valproic acid for latent HIV-1 expression in vitro. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2010 May 1;54(1):1-9. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0b013e3181d3dca3. PubMed PMID: 20300007; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3534976.
10: Yu WJ, Wang L, You LS, Mei C, Ma QL, Jin J. [ITF-2357 on inhibition myeloid leukemic cell lines cells proliferation in vitro and its mechanism]. Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi. 2012 May;33(5):366-70. Chinese. PubMed PMID: 22781793.
11: Bodar EJ, Simon A, van der Meer JW. Effects of the histone deacetylase inhibitor ITF2357 in autoinflammatory syndromes. Mol Med. 2011 May-Jun;17(5-6):363-8. doi: 10.2119/molmed.2011.00039. Epub 2011 Jan 25. PubMed PMID: 21274502; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3105134.
12: Todoerti K, Barbui V, Pedrini O, Lionetti M, Fossati G, Mascagni P, Rambaldi A, Neri A, Introna M, Lombardi L, Golay J. Pleiotropic anti-myeloma activity of ITF2357: inhibition of interleukin-6 receptor signaling and repression of miR-19a and miR-19b. Haematologica. 2010 Feb;95(2):260-9. doi: 10.3324/haematol.2009.012088. Epub 2009 Aug 27. PubMed PMID: 19713220; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2817029.
13: Del Bufalo D, Desideri M, De Luca T, Di Martile M, Gabellini C, Monica V, Busso S, Eramo A, De Maria R, Milella M, Trisciuoglio D. Histone deacetylase inhibition synergistically enhances pemetrexed cytotoxicity through induction of apoptosis and autophagy in non-small cell lung cancer. Mol Cancer. 2014 Oct 9;13:230. doi: 10.1186/1476-4598-13-230. PubMed PMID: 25301686; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4198757.
14: Leoni F, Fossati G, Lewis EC, Lee JK, Porro G, Pagani P, Modena D, Moras ML, Pozzi P, Reznikov LL, Siegmund B, Fantuzzi G, Dinarello CA, Mascagni P. The histone deacetylase inhibitor ITF2357 reduces production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in vitro and systemic inflammation in vivo. Mol Med. 2005 Jan-Dec;11(1-12):1-15. PubMed PMID: 16557334; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC1449516.
15: Guerini V, Barbui V, Spinelli O, Salvi A, Dellacasa C, Carobbio A, Introna M, Barbui T, Golay J, Rambaldi A. The histone deacetylase inhibitor ITF2357 selectively targets cells bearing mutated JAK2(V617F). Leukemia. 2008 Apr;22(4):740-7. Epub 2007 Dec 13. PubMed PMID: 18079739.
16: Furlan A, Monzani V, Reznikov LL, Leoni F, Fossati G, Modena D, Mascagni P, Dinarello CA. Pharmacokinetics, safety and inducible cytokine responses during a phase 1 trial of the oral histone deacetylase inhibitor ITF2357 (givinostat). Mol Med. 2011 May-Jun;17(5-6):353-62. doi: 10.2119/molmed.2011.00020. Epub 2011 Feb 22. PubMed PMID: 21365126; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3105139.
17: Golay J, Cuppini L, Leoni F, Micò C, Barbui V, Domenghini M, Lombardi L, Neri A, Barbui AM, Salvi A, Pozzi P, Porro G, Pagani P, Fossati G, Mascagni P, Introna M, Rambaldi A. The histone deacetylase inhibitor ITF2357 has anti-leukemic activity in vitro and in vivo and inhibits IL-6 and VEGF production by stromal cells. Leukemia. 2007 Sep;21(9):1892-900. Epub 2007 Jul 19. PubMed PMID: 17637810.
18: Zheng J, van de Veerdonk FL, Crossland KL, Smeekens SP, Chan CM, Al Shehri T, Abinun M, Gennery AR, Mann J, Lendrem DW, Netea MG, Rowan AD, Lilic D. Gain-of-function STAT1 mutations impair STAT3 activity in patients with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC). Eur J Immunol. 2015 Oct;45(10):2834-46. doi: 10.1002/eji.201445344. Epub 2015 Sep 1. PubMed PMID: 26255980.
19: Armeanu S, Pathil A, Venturelli S, Mascagni P, Weiss TS, Göttlicher M, Gregor M, Lauer UM, Bitzer M. Apoptosis on hepatoma cells but not on primary hepatocytes by histone deacetylase inhibitors valproate and ITF2357. J Hepatol. 2005 Feb;42(2):210-7. PubMed PMID: 15664246.
20: Barbetti V, Gozzini A, Rovida E, Morandi A, Spinelli E, Fossati G, Mascagni P, Lübbert M, Dello Sbarba P, Santini V. Selective anti-leukaemic activity of low-dose histone deacetylase inhibitor ITF2357 on AML1/ETO-positive cells. Oncogene. 2008 Mar 13;27(12):1767-78. Epub 2007 Sep 24. PubMed PMID: 17891169.
