WARNING: This product is for research use only, not for human or veterinary use.
Hodoodo CAT#: H524255
CAS#: 487021-52-3
Description: AR-A014418 , also known as SN 4521, is a labeled Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β (GSK-3β) inhibitor. AR-A014418 suppresses pancreatic cancer cell growth via inhibition of GSK-3-mediated Notch1 expression. AR-A014418 decreases neuropathic pain in mice: evidence for the mechanisms of action. AR-A014418 and B6B3O prevent human immunodeficiency virus-mediated neurotoxicity in primary human neurons.
Hodoodo Cat#: H524255
Name: AR-A014418
CAS#: 487021-52-3
Chemical Formula: C12H12N4O4S
Exact Mass: 308.06
Molecular Weight: 308.310
Elemental Analysis: C, 46.75; H, 3.92; N, 18.17; O, 20.76; S, 10.40
Synonym: SN 4521; SN4521; SN-4521; AR-A 014418; AR-A014418; AR-A-014418; AR-AO-14418; GSK-3beta Inhibitor VIII.
IUPAC/Chemical Name: N-(4-Methoxybenzyl)-N'-(5-nitro-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)urea
InChi Key: YAEMHJKFIIIULI-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChi Code: InChI=1S/C12H12N4O4S/c1-20-9-4-2-8(3-5-9)6-13-11(17)15-12-14-7-10(21-12)16(18)19/h2-5,7H,6H2,1H3,(H2,13,14,15,17)
SMILES Code: COc1ccc(cc1)CNC(=O)Nc2ncc(s2)[N+](=O)[O-]
Appearance: Solid powder
Purity: >98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)
Shipping Condition: Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.
Storage Condition: Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years).
Solubility: Soluble in DMSO, not in water
Shelf Life: >2 years if stored properly
Drug Formulation: This drug may be formulated in DMSO
Stock Solution Storage: 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks), or -20 C for long term (months).
HS Tariff Code: 2934.99.9001
More Info:
Biological target: | AR-A014418 is a potent, selective and ATP-competitive GSK3β inhibitor (IC50=104 nM; Ki=38 nM). |
In vitro activity: | AR-A014418 treatment decreased the survival of U937 cells with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of approximately 5 µM after a 24 hr treatment (Figure 1a). The AR-A014418 treatment caused a marked reduction in proliferation (Figure 1b) and the colony-forming ability (Figure 1c) of U937 cells. These results indicate that AR-014418 elicits apoptosis in U937 cells. Transfection of constitutively active GSK3β (59A; CA-GSK3β) increased the survival of AR-A014418-treated U937 cells (Figure 1g), indicating the causal role of GSK3β suppression in AR-A014418-induced cell death. Reference: J Cell Physiol. 2021 Jan;236(1):570-586. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32572959/ |
In vivo activity: | However, the pre-emptive treatment of AR-A014418 decreased the apoptotic cells in ipsilateral laminae I, II, III [F(2, 24)=100.9; P<0.0001]; IV, V [F(2, 24)=39.59; P<0.0001], and X [F(2, 24)=15.98; P<0.0001] in the SNL group. The one-way ANOVA results also revealed a significant increase in the TUNEL-positive cells in contralateral laminae I, II, III, IV, V, and X in the SNL group, in comparison to the sham-operated rats. However, the pre-emptive treatment of AR-A014418 decreased the apoptotic cells in the contralateral laminae I, II, III [F(2, 24)=51.24; P<0.0001]; IV, V [F(2, 24)=22; P<0.0001], and X [F(2, 24)=8.22; P<0.001] in the SNL group. Reference: Basic Clin Neurosci. 2020 Jan-Feb; 11(1): 15–30. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7253818/ |
Solvent | Max Conc. mg/mL | Max Conc. mM | |
---|---|---|---|
Solubility | |||
DMSO | 55.5 | 179.88 |
The following data is based on the product molecular weight 308.31 Batch specific molecular weights may vary from batch to batch due to the degree of hydration, which will affect the solvent volumes required to prepare stock solutions.
Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
---|---|---|---|
1 mM | 1.15 mL | 5.76 mL | 11.51 mL |
5 mM | 0.23 mL | 1.15 mL | 2.3 mL |
10 mM | 0.12 mL | 0.58 mL | 1.15 mL |
50 mM | 0.02 mL | 0.12 mL | 0.23 mL |
Formulation protocol: | 1. Lee YC, Shi YJ, Wang LJ, Chiou JT, Huang CH, Chang LS. GSK3β suppression inhibits MCL1 protein synthesis in human acute myeloid leukemia cells. J Cell Physiol. 2021 Jan;236(1):570-586. doi: 10.1002/jcp.29884. Epub 2020 Jun 22. PMID: 32572959. 2. Kawahara N, Mizutani A, Matsubara S, Takeda Y, Kobayashi H. GSK-3β mediates the effects of HNF-1β overexpression in ovarian clear cell carcinoma. Exp Ther Med. 2020 Nov;20(5):122. doi: 10.3892/etm.2020.9250. Epub 2020 Sep 21. PMID: 33005248; PMCID: PMC7523276. 3. Rashvand M, Danyali S, Manaheji H. The Potential Role of Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β in Neuropathy-Induced Apoptosis in Spinal Cord. Basic Clin Neurosci. 2020 Jan-Feb;11(1):15-30. doi: 10.32598/bcn.11.1.1. Epub 2020 Jan 1. PMID: 32483472; PMCID: PMC7253818. 4. Yan X, Li Z, Li H, Liu P, Zhao Z, Cheng S, Wang Z, Zhang Q. Inhibition Of Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 Beta Suppresses The Growth And Survival Of Skull Base Chordoma Cells By Downregulating Brachyury Expression. Onco Targets Ther. 2019 Nov 18;12:9783-9791. doi: 10.2147/OTT.S218930. PMID: 31819479; PMCID: PMC6874116. |
In vitro protocol: | 1. Lee YC, Shi YJ, Wang LJ, Chiou JT, Huang CH, Chang LS. GSK3β suppression inhibits MCL1 protein synthesis in human acute myeloid leukemia cells. J Cell Physiol. 2021 Jan;236(1):570-586. doi: 10.1002/jcp.29884. Epub 2020 Jun 22. PMID: 32572959. 2. Kawahara N, Mizutani A, Matsubara S, Takeda Y, Kobayashi H. GSK-3β mediates the effects of HNF-1β overexpression in ovarian clear cell carcinoma. Exp Ther Med. 2020 Nov;20(5):122. doi: 10.3892/etm.2020.9250. Epub 2020 Sep 21. PMID: 33005248; PMCID: PMC7523276. |
In vivo protocol: | 1. Rashvand M, Danyali S, Manaheji H. The Potential Role of Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β in Neuropathy-Induced Apoptosis in Spinal Cord. Basic Clin Neurosci. 2020 Jan-Feb;11(1):15-30. doi: 10.32598/bcn.11.1.1. Epub 2020 Jan 1. PMID: 32483472; PMCID: PMC7253818. 2. Yan X, Li Z, Li H, Liu P, Zhao Z, Cheng S, Wang Z, Zhang Q. Inhibition Of Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 Beta Suppresses The Growth And Survival Of Skull Base Chordoma Cells By Downregulating Brachyury Expression. Onco Targets Ther. 2019 Nov 18;12:9783-9791. doi: 10.2147/OTT.S218930. PMID: 31819479; PMCID: PMC6874116. |
1: Kunnimalaiyaan S, Gamblin TC, Kunnimalaiyaan M. Glycogen synthase kinase-3 inhibitor AR-A014418 suppresses pancreatic cancer cell growth via inhibition of GSK-3-mediated Notch1 expression. HPB (Oxford). 2015 Sep;17(9):770-6. doi: 10.1111/hpb.12442. Epub 2015 Jul 6. PubMed PMID: 26147011; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4557650.
2: Tunçdemir M, Yıldırım A, Karaoğlan A, Akdemir O, Oztürk M. AR-A014418 as a glycogen synthase kinase-3 inhibitor: anti-apoptotic and therapeutic potential in experimental spinal cord injury. Neurocirugia (Astur). 2013 Jan-Feb;24(1):22-32. doi: 10.1016/j.neucir.2011.12.006. Epub 2012 Oct 30. PubMed PMID: 23116585.
3: Mazzardo-Martins L, Martins DF, Stramosk J, Cidral-Filho FJ, Santos AR. Glycogen synthase kinase 3-specific inhibitor AR-A014418 decreases neuropathic pain in mice: evidence for the mechanisms of action. Neuroscience. 2012 Dec 13;226:411-20. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.09.020. Epub 2012 Sep 19. PubMed PMID: 23000630.
4: Hicks JW, Wilson AA, Rubie EA, Woodgett JR, Houle S, Vasdev N. Towards the preparation of radiolabeled 1-aryl-3-benzyl ureas: Radiosynthesis of [(11)C-carbonyl] AR-A014418 by [(11)C]CO(2) fixation. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2012 Mar 1;22(5):2099-101. doi: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.12.139. Epub 2012 Jan 10. PubMed PMID: 22321216.
5: Martins DF, Rosa AO, Gadotti VM, Mazzardo-Martins L, Nascimento FP, Egea J, López MG, Santos AR. The antinociceptive effects of AR-A014418, a selective inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta, in mice. J Pain. 2011 Mar;12(3):315-22. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2010.06.007. Epub 2010 Aug 12. PubMed PMID: 20705523.
6: Nguyen TB, Lucero GR, Chana G, Hult BJ, Tatro ET, Masliah E, Grant I, Achim CL, Everall IP; HIV Neurobehavioral Research Group. Glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3beta) inhibitors AR-A014418 and B6B3O prevent human immunodeficiency virus-mediated neurotoxicity in primary human neurons. J Neurovirol. 2009 Sep;15(5-6):434-8. doi: 10.1080/13550280903168131. PubMed PMID: 19688630; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3065998.
7: Vasdev N, Garcia A, Stableford WT, Young AB, Meyer JH, Houle S, Wilson AA. Synthesis and ex vivo evaluation of carbon-11 labelled N-(4-methoxybenzyl)-N'-(5-nitro-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)urea ([11C]AR-A014418): a radiolabelled glycogen synthase kinase-3beta specific inhibitor for PET studies. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2005 Dec 1;15(23):5270-3. Epub 2005 Oct 3. PubMed PMID: 16202587.
8: Gould TD, Einat H, Bhat R, Manji HK. AR-A014418, a selective GSK-3 inhibitor, produces antidepressant-like effects in the forced swim test. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2004 Dec;7(4):387-90. Epub 2004 Jul 26. PubMed PMID: 15315719.
9: Bhat R, Xue Y, Berg S, Hellberg S, Ormö M, Nilsson Y, Radesäter AC, Jerning E, Markgren PO, Borgegård T, Nylöf M, Giménez-Cassina A, Hernández F, Lucas JJ, Díaz-Nido J, Avila J. Structural insights and biological effects of glycogen synthase kinase 3-specific inhibitor AR-A014418. J Biol Chem. 2003 Nov 14;278(46):45937-45. Epub 2003 Aug 19. PubMed PMID: 12928438.