WARNING: This product is for research use only, not for human or veterinary use.
Hodoodo CAT#: H100360
CAS#: 50-91-9
Description: Floxuridine is a fluorinated pyrimidine monophosphate analogue of 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine-5'-phosphate (FUDR-MP) with antineoplastic activity. As an antimetabolite, floxuridine inhibits thymidylate synthetase, resulting in disruption of DNA synthesis and cytotoxicity. This agent is also metabolized to fluorouracil and other metabolites that can be incorporated into RNA and inhibit the utilization of preformed uracil in RNA synthesis. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus).
Hodoodo Cat#: H100360
Name: Floxuridine
CAS#: 50-91-9
Chemical Formula: C9H11FN2O5
Exact Mass: 246.07
Molecular Weight: 246.190
Elemental Analysis: C, 43.91; H, 4.50; F, 7.72; N, 11.38; O, 32.49
Synonym: FdUrD; floxuridin; fluorodeoxyuridine; fluorouridine deoxyribose; fluoruridine deoxyribose. FUDF. 5FUDR; FDUR; FUdR. WR138720.
IUPAC/Chemical Name: 5-fluoro-1-((2R,4S,5R)-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione
InChi Key: ODKNJVUHOIMIIZ-RRKCRQDMSA-N
InChi Code: InChI=1S/C9H11FN2O5/c10-4-2-12(9(16)11-8(4)15)7-1-5(14)6(3-13)17-7/h2,5-7,13-14H,1,3H2,(H,11,15,16)/t5-,6+,7+/m0/s1
SMILES Code: O=C1NC(C(F)=CN1[C@@H]2O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)C2)=O
Appearance: White powder
Purity: >98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)
Shipping Condition: Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.
Storage Condition: Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years).
Solubility: Soluble in water (50 mg/ml), alcohol (1:12), isopropyl alcohol (1:43), methanol (1:7), aqueous buffers, acetone, DMSO (49 mg/ml) at 25 °C, and ethanol (10 mg/ml) at 25 °C. Insoluble in ether, benzene, and chloroform.
Shelf Life: >5 years if stored properly
Drug Formulation: This drug may be formulated in DMSO
Stock Solution Storage: 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks), or -20 C for long term (months).
HS Tariff Code: 2934.99.9001
More Info: DRUG DESCRIPTION Floxuridine for Injection USP, an antineoplastic antimetabolite, is available as a sterile, nonpyrogenic, lyophilized powder for reconstitution. Each vial contains 500 mg of floxuridine which is to be reconstituted with 5 mL of sterile water for injection. An appropriate amount of reconstituted solution is then diluted with a parenteral solution for intra-arterial infusion. Floxuridine is a fluorinated pyrimidine. Chemically, floxuridine is 2'-Deoxy-5-fluorouridine, with a molecular formula of C9H11FN2O5. It is a white to off-white odorless solid which is freely soluble in water. The 2% aqueous solution has a pH of between 4.0 and 5.5. The molecular weight of floxuridine is 246.20. CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY When floxuridine is given by rapid intra-arterial injection it is apparently rapidly catabolized to 5-fluorouracil. Thus, rapid injection of floxuridine produces the same toxic and antimetabolic effects as does 5-fluorouracil. The primary effect is to interfere with the synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and to a lesser extent inhibit the formation of ribonucleic acid (RNA). However, when floxuridine is given by continuous intraarterial infusion its direct anabolism to floxuridine-monophosphate is enhanced, thus increasing the inhibition of DNA. Floxuridine is metabolized in the liver. The drug is excreted intact and as urea, fluorouracil, α-fluoro-β-ureidopropionic acid, dihydrofluorouracil, α-fluoro-β-guanidopropionic acid and α-fluoro-β-alanine in the urine; it is also expired as respiratory carbon dioxide. Pharmacokinetic data on intra-arterial infusion of floxuridine are not available.
| Biological target: | Floxuridine (5-Fluorouracil 2'-deoxyriboside) is a pyrimidine analog and an oncology antimetabolite, that inhibits Poly(ADP-Ribose) polymerase and induces DNA damage |
| In vitro activity: | The metabolic stability of floxuridine and its amino ester prodrugs was assessed using thymidine phosphorylase. The results shown in Table 33 indicate that floxuridine was rapidly degraded to the less active metabolite, 5-fluorouracil, by thymidine phosphorylase. The amino acid ester prodrugs of floxuridine were found to be quite resistant to degradation by thymidine phosphorylase. Prodrugs containing the glycyl moiety, 5-l-glycyl, 5-l-leucyl-l-glycyl, 5-l-glycyl-l-leucyl, 5-l-phenylalanyl-l-glycyl, and 5-l-isoleucyl-l-glycyl floxuridine were 20- to 40-fold more stable than floxuridine to degradation by thymidine phosphorylase. The half-lives of 5-lphenylalanyl-floxuridine, 5-l-isoleucyl-floxuridine, 5-l-valyl-l-phenylalanyl-floxuridine, and 5-l-phenylalanyl-l-tyrosyl-floxuridine were in excess of 500 min reflecting their superior resistance to metabolic degradation by thymidine phosphorylase. The results are consistent with the stability of the prodrugs in buffer systems. With the exception of 5-l-leucyl and 5-l-glycyl dipeptide analogs with Caco-2 cells, all dipeptide prodrugs of floxuridine exhibited 2- to 14-fold higher affinity for oligopeptide transporters than the corresponding 5-l-monoester prodrug. The cell proliferation studies in the pancreatic duct cancer cell lines confirmed the enhanced potency of the amino acid ester prodrugs compared to parent floxuridine. The lack of potency enhancement of 5-d-valyl-floxuridine in Capan-2 cells compared to floxuridine suggests that activation of the prodrugs to the parent is essential for cytotoxic action and is enzyme-specific. Mol Pharm. 2008 Oct 6; 5(5): 717–727. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2659690/ |
| In vivo activity: | Floxuridine (5'-fluorodeoxyuridine, FUdR) acts as an inhibitor of DNA replication by binding to thymidylate synthase and is widely used to treat colorectal cancer. FUdR is also frequently used in research on aging in C. elegans since by blocking reproduction it allows maintenance of synchronous nematode populations. Here we examine age-specific effects of exposure to 50 μM FUdR on pathology and mortality. We report that initiating exposure to FUdR at late development or early adulthood reduces lifespan but later initiation increases it. Moreover, earlier initiation leads to enhancement of senescent intestinal atrophy, but amelioration of several other senescent pathologies (pharyngeal degeneration and uterine tumors). These results provide further evidence of the complex effects of FUdR on aging in C. elegans, and therefore support the argue against its routine use in studies of nematode aging due to its possible confounding effects. However, they also illustrate how effects of FUdR on aging are interesting in their own right. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2019 Feb 12;509(3):694-699. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30611569/ |
| Solvent | Max Conc. mg/mL | Max Conc. mM | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Solubility | |||
| DMSO | 58.0 | 237.36 | |
| H20 | 41.0 | 167.46 |
The following data is based on the product molecular weight 246.19 Batch specific molecular weights may vary from batch to batch due to the degree of hydration, which will affect the solvent volumes required to prepare stock solutions.
| Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 mM | 1.15 mL | 5.76 mL | 11.51 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.23 mL | 1.15 mL | 2.3 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.12 mL | 0.58 mL | 1.15 mL |
| 50 mM | 0.02 mL | 0.12 mL | 0.23 mL |
| Formulation protocol: | 1. Chirio D, Peira E, Battaglia L, Ferrara B, Barge A, Sapino S, Giordano S, Dianzani C, Gallarate M. Lipophilic Prodrug of Floxuridine Loaded into Solid Lipid Nanoparticles: In Vitro Cytotoxicity Studies on Different Human Cancer Cell Lines. J Nanosci Nanotechnol. 2018 Jan 1;18(1):556-563. doi: 10.1166/jnn.2018.13964. PMID: 29768881. 2. Tsume Y, Hilfinger JM, Amidon GL. Enhanced cancer cell growth inhibition by dipeptide prodrugs of floxuridine: increased transporter affinity and metabolic stability. Mol Pharm. 2008 Sep-Oct;5(5):717-27. doi: 10.1021/mp800008c. Epub 2008 Jul 25. PMID: 18652477; PMCID: PMC2659690. 3.Tardi PG, Gallagher RC, Johnstone S, Harasym N, Webb M, Bally MB, Mayer LD. Coencapsulation of irinotecan and floxuridine into low cholesterol-containing liposomes that coordinate drug release in vivo. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2007 Mar;1768(3):678-87. doi: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2006.11.014. Epub 2006 Dec 6. PMID: 17208196. 4. Wang H, Zhao Y, Zhang Z. Age-dependent effects of floxuridine (FUdR) on senescent pathology and mortality in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2019 Feb 12;509(3):694-699. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.12.161. Epub 2019 Jan 3. PMID: 30611569 |
| In vitro protocol: | 1. Chirio D, Peira E, Battaglia L, Ferrara B, Barge A, Sapino S, Giordano S, Dianzani C, Gallarate M. Lipophilic Prodrug of Floxuridine Loaded into Solid Lipid Nanoparticles: In Vitro Cytotoxicity Studies on Different Human Cancer Cell Lines. J Nanosci Nanotechnol. 2018 Jan 1;18(1):556-563. doi: 10.1166/jnn.2018.13964. PMID: 29768881. 2. Tsume Y, Hilfinger JM, Amidon GL. Enhanced cancer cell growth inhibition by dipeptide prodrugs of floxuridine: increased transporter affinity and metabolic stability. Mol Pharm. 2008 Sep-Oct;5(5):717-27. doi: 10.1021/mp800008c. Epub 2008 Jul 25. PMID: 18652477; PMCID: PMC2659690. |
| In vivo protocol: | 1. Tardi PG, Gallagher RC, Johnstone S, Harasym N, Webb M, Bally MB, Mayer LD. Coencapsulation of irinotecan and floxuridine into low cholesterol-containing liposomes that coordinate drug release in vivo. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2007 Mar;1768(3):678-87. doi: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2006.11.014. Epub 2006 Dec 6. PMID: 17208196. 2. Wang H, Zhao Y, Zhang Z. Age-dependent effects of floxuridine (FUdR) on senescent pathology and mortality in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2019 Feb 12;509(3):694-699. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.12.161. Epub 2019 Jan 3. PMID: 30611569. |
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