WARNING: This product is for research use only, not for human or veterinary use.
Hodoodo CAT#: H558292
CAS#: 133868-46-9 (HCl)
Description: Valnemulin is a pleuromutilin antibiotic used to treat swine dysentery, ileitis, colitis and pneumonia. It is also used for the prevention of intestinal infections of swine. Valnemulin has been observed to induce a rapid reduction of clinical symptoms of Mycoplasma bovis infection, and eliminate M. bovis from the lungs of calves.
Hodoodo Cat#: H558292
Name: Valnemulin HCl
CAS#: 133868-46-9 (HCl)
Chemical Formula: C31H53ClN2O5S
Exact Mass: 0.00
Molecular Weight: 601.284
Elemental Analysis: C, 61.92; H, 8.88; Cl, 5.90; N, 4.66; O, 13.30; S, 5.33
Related CAS #: 101312-92-9 (free base) 133868-46-9 (HCl)
Synonym: Valnemulin hydrochlordie; Valnemulin HCl; Econor;
IUPAC/Chemical Name: (3aR,4S,5R,7S,8S,9R,9aS,12S)-8-hydroxy-4,7,9,12-tetramethyl-3-oxo-7-vinyldecahydro-4,9a-propanocyclopenta[8]annulen-5-yl 2-((1-((R)-2-amino-3-methylbutanamido)-2-methylpropan-2-yl)thio)acetate hydrochloride
InChi Key: Valnemulin HCl
InChi Code: InChI=1S/C31H52N2O5S.ClH/c1-10-29(8)15-22(38-23(35)16-39-28(6,7)17-33-27(37)24(32)18(2)3)30(9)19(4)11-13-31(20(5)26(29)36)14-12-21(34)25(30)31;/h10,18-20,22,24-26,36H,1,11-17,32H2,2-9H3,(H,33,37);1H/t19-,20-,22+,24+,25-,26-,29+,30+,31-;/m0./s1
SMILES Code: CC([C@H](C(NCC(C)(SCC(O[C@@H]1C[C@@](C=C)([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@]23CC[C@@H]([C@]1([C@@H]2C(CC3)=O)C)C)C)O)C)=O)C)=O)N)C.Cl
Appearance: Solid powder
Purity: >98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)
Shipping Condition: Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.
Storage Condition: Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years).
Solubility: Soluble in DMSO
Shelf Life: >2 years if stored properly
Drug Formulation: This drug may be formulated in DMSO
Stock Solution Storage: 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks), or -20 C for long term (months).
HS Tariff Code: 2934.99.9001
More Info:
| Biological target: | |
| In vitro activity: | |
| In vivo activity: |
The following data is based on the product molecular weight 601.28 Batch specific molecular weights may vary from batch to batch due to the degree of hydration, which will affect the solvent volumes required to prepare stock solutions.
| Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 mM | 1.15 mL | 5.76 mL | 11.51 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.23 mL | 1.15 mL | 2.3 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.12 mL | 0.58 mL | 1.15 mL |
| 50 mM | 0.02 mL | 0.12 mL | 0.23 mL |
| Formulation protocol: | |
| In vitro protocol: | |
| In vivo protocol: |
1: Dong X, Shu X, Wang Y, Niu Z, Xu S, Zhang Y, Zhao S. Synthesis, characterization and in vitro release performance of the pegylated valnemulin prodrug. J Vet Med Sci. 2018 Feb 2;80(1):173-180. doi: 10.1292/jvms.17-0434. Epub 2017 Nov 28. PubMed PMID: 29187697; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5797878.
2: Tao MT, Zhou YF, Sun J, Liu YH, Liao XP. Establishment of valnemulin susceptibility breakpoint against Clostridium perfringens in rabbits. Anaerobe. 2017 Dec;48:118-120. doi: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2017.08.006. Epub 2017 Aug 9. PubMed PMID: 28801120.
3: Sun F, Fan R, Wang J, Xiong L, Shen J, Zhang S, Cao X. Pharmacokinetics of valnemulin after intravenous, intramuscular, and oral administration in layer chickens. J Vet Pharmacol Ther. 2017 Aug;40(4):415-418. doi: 10.1111/jvp.12389. Epub 2017 Feb 15. PubMed PMID: 28205246.
4: Zhang N, Ye X, Wu Y, Huang Z, Gu X, Cai Q, Shen X, Jiang H, Ding H. Determination of the Mutant Selection Window and Evaluation of the Killing of Mycoplasma gallisepticum by Danofloxacin, Doxycycline, Tilmicosin, Tylvalosin and Valnemulin. PLoS One. 2017 Jan 4;12(1):e0169134. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169134. eCollection 2017. PubMed PMID: 28052123; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5215565.
5: Gallo P, Di Marco Pisciottano I, Urbani V, Bianco R, Picarelli E. A novel method to determine valnemulin in feedingstuffs for several animal species by liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess. 2016 Nov;33(11):1678-1684. Epub 2016 Oct 11. PubMed PMID: 27653157.
6: Zhou YF, Yu Y, Sun J, Tao MT, Zhou WJ, Li X, Liao XP, Liu YH. Ex vivo pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationship of valnemulin against Clostridium perfringens in plasma, the small intestinal and caecal contents of rabbits. Anaerobe. 2016 Jun;39:150-7. doi: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2016.04.005. Epub 2016 Apr 7. PubMed PMID: 27060276.
7: Li H, Wang Y, Li X, Fu Q, Shan Y, Liu T, Xia X. Determination of valnemulin in swine and bovine tissues by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2016 Mar 1;1014:102-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.02.013. Epub 2016 Feb 9. PubMed PMID: 26894685.
8: Zhang H, Mi T, Khan OY, Sheng Y, Eremin SA, Beier RC, Zhang S, Shen J, Wang Z. Fluorescence polarization immunoassay using IgY antibodies for detection of valnemulin in swine tissue. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2015 Oct;407(25):7843-8. doi: 10.1007/s00216-015-8948-z. Epub 2015 Aug 16. PubMed PMID: 26277187.
9: Dip R, Nemet Z, Schiessl B, Klein U, Strehlau G. Efficacy and tolerability of early administration of valnemulin hydrochloride premix on epizootic rabbit enteropathy. Vet J. 2015 Jun;204(3):309-14. doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.12.036. Epub 2015 Jan 6. PubMed PMID: 25956341.
10: Xiao X, Sun J, Yang T, Fang X, Wu D, Xiong YQ, Cheng J, Chen Y, Shi W, Liu YH. In vivo pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic profiles of valnemulin in an experimental intratracheal Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection model. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2015 Jul;59(7):3754-60. doi: 10.1128/AAC.00200-15. Epub 2015 Apr 6. PubMed PMID: 25845865; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4468724.
11: Xiao X, Sun J, Chen Y, Zou M, Zhao DH, Liu YH. Ex vivo pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analysis of valnemulin against Mycoplasma gallisepticum S6 in Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Escherichia coli co-infected chickens. Vet J. 2015 Apr;204(1):54-9. doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2015.01.020. Epub 2015 Jan 26. PubMed PMID: 25744809.
12: Yuan LG, Tang YZ, Zhang YX, Sun J, Luo XY, Zhu LX, Zhang Z, Wang R, Liu YH. Dosage assessment of valnemulin in pigs based on population pharmacokinetic and Monte Carlo simulation. J Vet Pharmacol Ther. 2015 Aug;38(4):400-9. doi: 10.1111/jvp.12199. Epub 2015 Jan 21. PubMed PMID: 25604162.
13: Zhu X, Xu S, Xu Q. Preparation of valnemulin hydrogen fumarate and its enhanced stability compared with valnemulin hydrochloride. Pharm Dev Technol. 2016;21(3):338-45. doi: 10.3109/10837450.2014.1003656. Epub 2015 Jan 19. PubMed PMID: 25597619.
14: Yang S, Shi W, Hu D, Zhang S, Zhang H, Wang Z, Cheng L, Sun F, Shen J, Cao X. In vitro and in vivo metabolite profiling of valnemulin using ultraperformance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/time-of-flight hybrid mass spectrometry. J Agric Food Chem. 2014 Sep 17;62(37):9201-10. doi: 10.1021/jf5012402. Epub 2014 Sep 2. PubMed PMID: 25156794; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4166035.
15: Zhao DH, Zhou YF, Yu Y, Shi W, Yang X, Xiao X, Deng H, Qiao GG, Fang BH, Liu YH. Integration of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic indices of valnemulin in broiler chickens after a single intravenous and intramuscular administration. Vet J. 2014 Jul;201(1):109-15. doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.05.010. Epub 2014 May 13. PubMed PMID: 24906499.
16: Šperling D, Čížek A, Smola J. Effect of zinc chelate and valnemulin for the treatment of swine dysentery in an experimental challenge study. Res Vet Sci. 2014 Feb;96(1):30-2. doi: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2013.11.003. Epub 2013 Nov 14. PubMed PMID: 24287025.
17: Zhao DH, Yu Y, Zhou YF, Shi W, Deng H, Liu YH. Postantibiotic effect and postantibiotic sub-minimum inhibitory concentration effect of valnemulin against Staphylococcus aureus isolates from swine and chickens. Lett Appl Microbiol. 2014 Feb;58(2):150-5. doi: 10.1111/lam.12168. Epub 2013 Oct 23. PubMed PMID: 24117872.
18: Xiao X, Zhao DH, Yang X, Shi W, Deng H, Ma J, Zhang S, Liu YH. Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Escherichia coli mixed infection model in broiler chickens for studying valnemulin pharmacokinetics. J Vet Pharmacol Ther. 2014 Feb;37(1):99-102. doi: 10.1111/jvp.12065. Epub 2013 Jun 20. PubMed PMID: 23782411.
19: Zhao DH, Zhang Z, Zhang CY, Liu ZC, Deng H, Yu JJ, Guo JP, Liu YH. Population pharmacokinetics of valnemulin in swine. J Vet Pharmacol Ther. 2014 Feb;37(1):59-65. doi: 10.1111/jvp.12054. Epub 2013 Apr 26. PubMed PMID: 23617793.
20: Wang Z, Li N, Zhang S, Zhang H, Sheng Y, Shen J. Production of antibodies and development of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for valnemulin in porcine liver. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess. 2013;30(2):244-52. doi: 10.1080/19440049.2012.738370. Epub 2012 Nov 1. PubMed PMID: 23113729.
